Search results for "RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"
showing 10 items of 1829 documents
Genome-wide association analysis identifies six new loci associated with forced vital capacity
2014
Forced vital capacity (FVC), a spirometric measure of pulmonary function, reflects lung volume and is used to diagnose and monitor lung diseases. We performed genome-wide association study meta-analysis of FVC in 52,253 individuals from 26 studies and followed up the top associations in 32,917 additional individuals of European ancestry. We found six new regions associated at genome-wide significance (P <5 x 10(-8)) with FVC in or near EFEMP1, BMP6, MIR129-2-HSD17B12, PRDM11, WWOX and KCNJ2. Two loci previously associated with spirometric measures (GSTCD and PTCH1) were related to FVC. Newly implicated regions were followed up in samples from African-American, Korean, Chinese and Hispani…
Respiratory Effects of Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollutants During Exercise
2020
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is increasing worldwide. Habitual physical activity is known to prevent cardiorespiratory diseases and mortality, but whether exposure to TRAP during exercise affects respiratory health is still uncertain. Exercise causes inflammatory changes in the airways, and its interaction with the effects of TRAP or ozone might be detrimental, for both athletes exercising outdoor and urban active commuters. In this Mini-Review, we summarize the literature on the effects of exposure to TRAP and/or ozone during exercise on lung function, respiratory symptoms, performance, and biomarkers. Ozone negatively affected pulmonary function after exercise, especially after co…
Development of a nomogram to estimate the quality of life in asthmatic children using the Childhood Asthma Control Test
2016
Background: Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) provides detailed information on QoL in asthmatic children, whereas Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) Questionnaire is the most validated instrument for asthma control. No study assessed the relationship between C-ACT and QoL in children by means of those instruments. The aim of this study was to determine whether a QoL estimation is possible using the C-ACT questionnaire in asthmatic children. Methods: Medical history, spirometry, C-ACT, and PAQLQ were assessed in 144 (60% male) outpatient asthmatic children from September 2011 to November 2014. A generalized linear model (GLM) for the prediction of PAQLQ was obtained t…
Determinants of Allergic Sensitization, Asthma and Lung Function: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Schoolchildren
2020
Prenatal smoking exposure and early-life respiratory infections are major determinants of asthma during childhood. We investigate the factors influencing allergic sensitization (AS), asthma, and lung function in children and the balance between individual and environmental characteristics at different life stages. 1714 children aged 7&ndash
Immediate effects of the respiratory stimulation on ventilation parameters in ischemic stroke survivors: A randomized interventional study (CONSORT).
2019
Background: Post-stroke brain damage, which affects the central control of respiration, leads to various respiratory disorders. They can be caused by the weakening of the respiratory muscles and chest movements, which can indirectly contribute to an impairment of the ventilation function. The aim of the study is an objective assessment of the effect of a single-session intervention of respiratory stimulation through Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on chosen respiratory parameters and the following comparison of these changes with a group in which positioning was used (intra- and intergroup comparison). Methods: This was a randomized interventional study evaluating the respir…
Clinical and economic consequences of switching from omalizumab to mepolizumab in uncontrolled severe eosinophilic asthma
2021
AbstractSevere asthma is burdened by frequent exacerbations and use of oral corticosteroids (OCS), which worsen patients’ health and increase healthcare spending. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and economic impact of switching from omalizumab (OMA) to mepolizumab (MEP) in patients eligible for both biologics, but not optimally controlled by omalizumab. We retrospectively enrolled uncontrolled severe asthmatic patients who switched from OMA to MEP during the last two years. Information included blood eosinophil count, asthma control test (ACT), spirometry, serum IgE, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), OCS intake, drugs, exacerbations/hospitalizations, visits and diagno…
Lung Function Decline in Adult Asthmatics—A 10-Year Follow-Up Retrospective and Prospective Study
2021
Asthma may have an impact on lung function decline but conflicting results are reported in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) decline. We aimed to describe the changes in FEV1 in lifelong non-smoking adult asthmatic outpatients during a 10-year follow-up comparing years 1–5 (1st period) with years 6–10 (2nd period) to assess factors affecting these changes. A total of 100 outpatients performed spirometry every 3 months during a 10-year survey. FEV1/Ht3 slope values of the 2nd period reduced significantly respect to the 1st period (p 1 slopes of years 1–5 and 6–10 were inversely associated with FEV1 at enrolment (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, respectively). Reversibility and variability FEV…
Lower probability of FEV1 improvement in asthmatic children exposed to passive smoke
2015
Background: Guidelines advocate the use of spirometry to assess lung function in asthmatic. Inhaled corticosteroid(ICS) therapy is a mainstay of treatment for asthma, but the clinical response is variable. Aim: To assess the time variation of FEV1% in treated children with Persistent Asthma (PA). Methods: 110 children with PA, with two visits between September 2011 and December 2014 at the IBIM pediatric clinic were studied. Spirometry was performed using Pony FX, Cosmed, Italy; values were expressed as %pred using GLI-2012equation. The time trend of FEV1% for each subject was estimated through separate regressions. A linear regression model for the individual slopes (FEV1% average month va…
Pathophysiological Factors in the Relationship between Chronological Age and Calculated Lung Age as Detected in a Screening Setting in Community-Dwel…
2016
Aim To explore the relationship between pathophysiological factors and premature lung aging in a cohort of community-dwelling subjects in a health-screening setting. Methods 16,107 pharmacy customers in Germany (5954 males, 10,153 females; mean age 59.7 years) participated in a lung function screening project by providing demographic data, including smoking status and known airway conditions and performing spirometry with a Vitalograph, a spirometry screening device. Lung age was calculated from the spirometric findings, and the difference between chronological age and calculated lung age was analyzed in its relationship to the demographic data in general linear models. Results In the overa…
Intrauterine and postnatal exposure to outdoor NO2 and lung function at school age
2020
Lungs are highly vulnerable to permanent harmful effects of environmental factors during their in-utero and early life development. The detrimental effects of air pollution on lung development are well known although studies mainly focused on the postnatal exposure period. We investigated the windows of susceptibility during pregnancy and first 7 postnatal years on the association between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and lung function at the age of 7 years in the INMA cohort in Spain. We estimated monthly average exposure to NO2 for the prenatal and postnatal period at home address of 1230 children with temporally-adjusted land use regression models. Spirometry was performed at age 7. We estimate…