Search results for "RESPIRATORY SYSTEM"
showing 10 items of 1829 documents
A Study of the Effect of Proinflammatory Cytokines on the Epithelial Cells of Smokers, With or Without COPD
2011
Introduction: Cigarette smoke is the main cause of inflammation in COPD. The mechanisms that differentiate smokers who develop COPD are diverse. In this study, we analyzed the presence of cytokines in the respiratory secretions of smokers with or without COPD and the secretory properties of the differentiated bronchial epithelium obtained from the individuals themselves after exposure to tobacco smoke. Material and methods: Twenty-seven smokers were studied, 12 of whom had COPD that had not been previously treated with steroids. In 11, samples were obtained by means of induced sputum, and the remaining samples were collected from bronchial aspiration after bronchoscopy. Concentrations of IL…
In vitro dose comparison of Respimat<sup>&reg;</sup> inhaler with dry powder inhalers for COPD maintenance therapy
2017
Background Combining in vitro mouth-throat deposition measurements, cascade impactor data and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, four different inhalers were compared which are indicated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment. Methods The Respimat inhaler, the Breezhaler, the Genuair, and the Ellipta were coupled to the idealized Alberta throat model. The modeled dose to the lung (mDTL) was collected downstream of the Alberta throat model using either a filter or a next generation impactor (NGI). Idealized breathing patterns from COPD patient groups - moderate and very severe COPD - were applied. Theoretical lung deposition patterns were assessed by an indiv…
Sedation and analgesia during noninvasive ventilation (NIV)
2017
The use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has increased significantly in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) in order to prevent tracheal intubation and its complications. Unfortunately, NIV failure represents a frequent event, with rates that in some cases reach 40%. Mask intolerance, agitation, and delirium may lead to NIV failure, thus requiring endotracheal intubation. NIV failure rates are higher in patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and, when used in acute hypoxemic failure, its failure is associated with an increased mortality rate. The practice of sedation during NIV could be a valuable option for patients at risk of intubation. Sedation may decr…
Late Breaking Abstract - CRAC channel inhibition by RP3128 triggers potent anti-inflammatory effects in COPD or asthmatic patient-derived primary cel…
2018
Introduction: Calcium release activated calcium channels inhibitors have a potent role in treatment of autoimmune disorders. RP3128 is a novel and potent inhibitor of Calcium Release Activated Calcium (CRAC) channel activity with demonstrated efficacy in several models of immune-inflammatory disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of RP3128 and combinations in attenuating inflammatory responses associated with respiratory diseases. Methods: Inhibition of antigen-induced cytokine release in primary T-lymphocytes was estimated. Peripheral blood neutrophils or mononuclear cells were isolated from COPD or asthmatic patients, pre-incubated with RP3128 for 0.5 h, and stimu…
Effect of tiotropium/olodaterol combination therapy on long-term heart rate and blood pressure in COPD patients
2018
Introduction: Cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities are common in COPD, and associated with poor prognosis. LABAs and LAMAs are established COPD treatments whose pharmacology would suggest the potential to increase heart rate (HR) and impact blood pressure (BP). However, previous studies indicate that HR and BP are not negatively influenced by tiotropium (Tio) or olodaterol (Olo) monotherapy. Aims: To determine the effect of dual bronchodilation with Tio/Olo (T/O) on HR and BP. Methods: The 52-week, Phase III TONADO® studies (NCT01431274/NCT01431287) evaluated T/O 5/5 µg, Tio 5 µg or Olo 5 µg, via the Respimat® inhaler, in GOLD 2–4 COPD patients. In this post hoc analysis, long-term changes fro…
Lung deposition of extrafine vs non-extrafine triple therapies in patients with COPD using Functional Respiratory Imaging (FRI)
2019
Introduction: FRI is a validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based technique using aerosol delivery performance profile, patients’ high-resolution lung CT scans and patient-derived inhalation profiles to simulate aerosol lung deposition. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate lung deposition patterns of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium [BDP/FF/G; TRIMBOW®] pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) and non-extrafine fluticasone furoate/vilanterol/umeclidinium [FluF/VI/UMEC; TRELEGY® ELLIPTA®] dry powder inhaler (DPI) in patients with stable COPD and moderate to very severe airflow obstruction. Methods: Intrathoracic depositions of the inhaled corticoster…
&ldquo;Real-life&rdquo; inhaled corticosteroid withdrawal in COPD: a subgroup analysis of DACCORD
2017
Claus Vogelmeier,1 Heinrich Worth,2 Roland Buhl,3 Carl-Peter Cri&eacute;e,4 Nadine S Lossi,5 Claudia Mail&auml;nder,5 Peter Kardos6 1Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, 2Facharzt Forum F&uuml;rth, F&uuml;rth, 3Pulmonary Department, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, 4Department of Sleep and Respiratory Medicine, Evangelical Hospital G&ouml;ttingen-Weende, Bovenden, 5Clinical Research, Respiratory, Novartis Pharma GmbH, N&uuml;rnberg, 6Group Practice and Centre for Allergy, Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Re…
LATE-BREAKING ABSTRACT: Anti-inflammatory effect of RP6557, a dual PI3K δ/γ inhibitor, in glucocorticoid insensitive human neutrophils from chronic o…
2015
Rationale: Glucocorticoid function is markedly impaired in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Class I PI3K enzymes play a key role in chronic lung inflammation of COPD patients. This study explored differential inhibitory effects of dexamethasone and RP6557, a dual PI3K δ/γ inhibitor, on inflammatory responses in human neutrophils from healthy and COPD patients. Methods: Peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated from COPD patients andhealthy subjects and pre-incubated with dexamethasone (DEX) or RP6557 for 1 h. Neutrophils were stimulated with 5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 6 h. Supernatants were used to measure IL-8 while RNA from neutrophils was analyzed fo…
Once-daily QVA149 improves dyspnoea and health status compared with tiotropium plus formoterol in patients without ICS use: A post-hoc analysis of th…
2015
Rationale: The QUANTIFY study compared the approved dual bronchodilator QVA149 with the free-dose combination of tiotropium plus formoterol (TIO+FOR) regarding lung function, dyspnoea and health status in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD. This post-hoc analysis reported on the subgroup of pts without ICS background therapy. Methods: This blinded, triple-dummy 26-week study randomised patients to QVA149 110/50 µg OD or TIO 18 µg OD plus FOR 12 µg b.i.d. (1:1). ICS was allowed as background therapy. Endpoints included lung function (trough FEV1), dyspnoea (TDI) and health status (COPD Assessment Test, CAT). Results: Of the 934 pts randomised (QVA149 [N=476] or TIO+FOR [N=458]); 87.9% com…
Versican and collagen-III expression in bronchial and pulmonary muscular arteries in COPD patients
2015
Background: We demonstrated that COPD patients have thicker bronchial and pulmonary muscular arteries (MA) compared with never and non-obstructed smokers. The composition of the extracellular matrix of these altered MA has been not fully described. Objectives: To investigate the expression of versican and collagen-III in bronchial and pulmonary MA in the lungs of mild/moderate COPD patients. Methods: Eighteen mild/moderate COPD subjects (67±8y, FEV 1 : 67±15%pred), 14 non-obstructed smokers (64±8y, FEV 1 : 95±10%pred) and 11 never-smoking controls (CTRL) (51±12y, FEV 1 : 108±15%pred) were studied. Lung tissue obtained during surgery (ethical approval obtained) was used to analyze the expres…