Search results for "REWARD"
showing 10 items of 200 documents
Acetaldehyde and salsolinol in ethanol’s two-step mechanism of action: An overview
2018
In the last years, numerous studies have supported the idea that, at least in part, motivational and neuropharmacological effects of ethanol are mediated by its first brain-derived metabolite, acetaldehyde, and its bioderivate salsolinol. This review aims at gathering and shaping as a whole the evidence on their role in the mechanism of action of ethanol. Acetaldehyde and salsolinol interact with the reward brain system and are involved as primum movens of motivational and addictive behaviour that can be especially relevant to ethanol use disorders. Understanding the neurobiology of acetaldehyde and salsolinol holds promising potential for the development of novel pharmacological approaches…
Influence of metabolic state (substrate oxidation ratio) on food liking, food wanting and food consumption in young men
2011
Meeting Abstract n°484 . WOS: 000288862900481; International audience
Children's engagement during digital game-based learning of reading: The effects of time, rewards, and challenge
2014
This study investigated the effects of two game features (the level of challenge and the reward system) on first and second graders' engagement during digital game-based learning of reading. We were particularly interested in determining how well these features managed to maintain children's engagement over the 8-week training period. The children (N = 138) used GraphoGame, a web-based game training letter-sound connections, at home under the supervision of parents. Data regarding the children's gaming and engagement were stored on the GraphoGame online server. A 2 x 2 factorial design was used to investigate the effects of the level of challenge (high challenge vs. high success) and the pr…
Gestational exposure to cocaine alters cocaine reward
2006
Exposure of the developing foetus to drugs of abuse during pregnancy may lead to persistent abnormalities of brain systems involved in drug addiction. Mice prenatally exposed to cocaine (25 mg/kg), physiological saline or non-treated during the last 7 days of pregnancy were evaluated in adulthood for the rewarding properties of cocaine (3, 25 and 50 mg/kg), using the conditioned place preference procedure. Dams treated with physiological saline gained significantly less weight over the course of gestation than controls; no other differences were observed in the maternal and offspring data. All the animals developed preference to 3 and 25 mg/kg of cocaine, but those treated prenatally with c…
Neurochemical substrates of the rewarding effects of MDMA: implications for the development of pharmacotherapies to MDMA dependence.
2015
In recent years, studies with animal models of reward, such as the intracranial self-stimulation, self-administration, and conditioned place preference paradigms, have increased our knowledge on the neurochemical substrates of the rewarding effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine (MDMA) in rodents. However, pharmacological and neuroimaging studies with human participants are scarce. Serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)], dopamine (DA), endocannabinoids, and endogenous opiates are the main neurotransmitter systems involved in the rewarding effects of MDMA in rodents, but other neurotransmitters such as glutamate, acetylcholine, adenosine, and neurotensin are also involved. The most impo…
From the crowd to the market: The role of reward-based crowdfunding performance in attracting professional investors
2017
Abstract We focus on new technology-based entrepreneurial ventures engaging in reward-based crowdfunding and examine the effect of their performance in such funding channel on the likelihood of securing subsequent funding from professional investors. We also study how this effect is influenced by the presence of patents granted for the new product idea and the entrepreneur social capital. Results from a sample of technology projects launched on Kickstarter demonstrate that pledging a higher amount of money in crowdfunding can ignite professional investors’ interest and thus help secure subsequent funding. However, this positive evidence is effective only when complemented by the presence of…
MODULATION OF FOOD REWARD BY ADIPOSITY SIGNALS
2006
Extensive historical evidence from the drug abuse literature has provided support for the concept that there is functional communication between central nervous system (CNS) circuitries which subserve reward/motivation, and the regulation of energy homeostasis. This concept is substantiated by recent studies that map anatomical pathways, or which demonstrate that hormones and neurotransmitters associated with energy homeostasis regulation can directly modulate reward and motivation behaviors. Studies from our laboratory have focused specifically on the candidate adiposity hormones, insulin and leptin, and show that these hormones can decrease performance in behavioral paradigms that assess …
Housing conditions modulate the reinforcing properties of cocaine in adolescent mice that binge on fat
2017
Abstract Binge eating is a specific form of overeating characterized by intermittent, excessive eating. To date, several studies have addressed the effects that bingeing on fat has on the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, but they have found contradictory and highly variable results. Housing conditions could modulate these results, as most studies employ isolated animals to measure the exact amount of food that is ingested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of housing conditions on the response of mice to cocaine, modulated by bingeing on a high-fat diet during adolescence. After 40 days of binge-eating for 2 h, three days a week (PND 29–69), the reinforcing effects of a …
Long-lasting rewarding effects of morphine induced by drug primings.
2005
To evaluate the persistence of the rewarding effects of morphine, the acquisition, maintenance, extinction and reinstatement of a conditioned place preference (CPP) was assessed in OF1 mice. In Experiment 1, the persistence of morphine-induced CPP was evaluated weekly. Mice showed CPP after four sessions of conditioning with 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg of morphine, which lasted 0, 1, 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. In Experiment 2, after four sessions of conditioning with 40 mg/kg of morphine, the effects of four schedules of extinction differing in the time interval (2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks) between sessions were evaluated. CPP was no longer evident after 8 weeks for the groups examined each 2 or 8 wee…
Changes in personal work goals in relation to the psychosocial work environment: A two-year follow-up study
2011
Associations between changes in the psychosocial work environment and changes in personal work goals were investigated in a two-wave, two-year longitudinal study. Psychosocial work environment was studied within the context of the Effort–Reward Imbalance model (ERI; Siegrist, 1996). The participants consisted of 423 young Finnish managers. Their most important personal work goals were categorized into seven content categories of competence, progression, well-being, job change, job security, organization, and finance at both measurement times. There were differences, especially in changes in the career opportunities factor of reward, between participants whose goals changed during the study.…