Search results for "RIMI"
showing 10 items of 3981 documents
Do orthotactics and phonology constrain the transposed-letter effect?
2008
Transposing two internal letters of a word produces a perceptually similar item (as in cholocate). To determine the precise nature of the encoding of letter position within a word, it is important to examine the role of orthography and phonology in the transposed-letter effect. Experiment 1 examined whether transposed-letter effects are affected by the legality of the letter transposition in a masked priming paradigm (e.g., comsos-COSMOS vs. vebral-VERBAL; ‘ms’ is an illegal bigram in Spanish). Results showed a greater transposed-letter priming effect when the transposed bigram was illegal than when it was legal. In Experiment 2, we examine the role of phonology by exploiting the context-de…
Can CANISO activate CASINO? Transposed-letter similarity effects with nonadjacent letter positions
2004
Nonwords created by transposing two adjacent letters (i.e., transposed-letter (TL) nonwords like jugde) are very effective at activating the lexical representation of their base words. This fact poses problems for most computational models of word recognition (e.g., the interactive-activation model and its extensions), which assume that exact letter positions are rapidly coded during the word recognition process. To examine the scope of TL similarity effects further, we asked whether TL similarity effects occur for nonwords created by exchanging two nonadjacent letters (e.g., canisoCASINO) in three masked form priming experiments using the lexical decision task. The two nonadjacent transpos…
On the nature of consonant/vowel differences in letter position coding: Evidence from developing and adult readers
2016
In skilled adult readers, transposed-letter effects (jugde-JUDGE) are greater for consonant than for vowel transpositions. These differences are often attributed to phonological rather than orthographic processing. To examine this issue, we employed a scenario in which phonological involvement varies as a function of reading experience: a masked priming lexical decision task with 50-ms primes in adult and developing readers. Indeed, masked phonological priming at this prime duration has been consistently reported in adults, but not in developing readers (Davis, Castles, & Iakovidis, 1998). Thus, if consonant/vowel asymmetries in letter position coding with adults are due to phonological inf…
Auditory discrimination profiles of speech sound changes in 6-year-old children as determined with the multi-feature MMN paradigm.
2009
Objective: A linguistic multi-feature mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm with five types of changes (vowel, vowel-duration, consonant, frequency (F0), and intensity) in Finnish syllables was used to determine speech-sound discrimination in 17 normally-developing 6-year-old children. The MMNs for vowel and vowel-duration were also recorded in an oddball condition in order to compare the two paradigms. Similar MMNs in the two paradigms would suggest that they tap the same processes. This would promote the usefulness of the more time-efficient multi-feature paradigm for future studies in children. Methods: MMNs to five deviant types were recorded in the multi-feature paradigm in which these de…
Are Vowels and Consonants Processed Differently? Event-related Potential Evidence with a Delayed Letter Paradigm
2008
Abstract To investigate the neural bases of consonant and vowel processing, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants read words and pseudowords in a lexical decision task. The stimuli were displayed in three different conditions: (i) simultaneous presentation of all letters (baseline condition); (ii) presentation of all letters, except that two internal consonants were delayed for 50 msec (consonants-delayed condition); and (iii) presentation of all letters, except that two internal vowels were delayed for 50 msec (vowels-delayed condition). The behavioral results showed that, for words, response times in the consonants-delayed condition were longer than in the vowel…
Does conal prime CANAL more than cinal? Masked phonological priming effects in Spanish with the lexical decision task.
2005
Evidence for an early involvement of phonology in word identification usually relies on the comparison between a target word preceded by a homophonic prime and an orthographic control (rait-RATE vs. raut-RATE). This comparison rests on the assumption that the two control primes are equally orthographically similar to the target. Here, we tested for phonological effects with a masked priming paradigm in which orthographic similarity between priming conditions was perfectly controlled at the letter level and in which identification of the prime was virtually at chance for both stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) (66 and 50 msec). In the key prime-target pairs, each prime differed from the targ…
Further Investigation of Harmonic Priming in Long Contexts Using Musical Timbre as Surface Marker to Control for Temporal Effects
2004
Harmonic priming studies have reported facilitated processing for chords that are harmonically related to the prime context. Responses to the target (the last chord of an 8-chord sequence) were faster and more accurate when the target was strongly related, i.e., a tonic chord, to the preceding prime context than when it was less related, i.e., a subdominant chord. Results have been interpreted in terms of musical expectations and processing speed: the prime allows listeners to develop expectations for future events which lead to facilitated processing of the most strongly expected event. The present experiment investigated an alternative hypothesis suggesting that the harmonic structure of…
Does consonant–vowel skeletal structure play a role early in lexical processing? Evidence from masked priming
2017
Published online: 02 November 2017 Is the specific consonant–vowel (CV) letter combination of a word a basic source of information for lexical access in the early stages of processing? We designed two masked priming lexical decision experiments to respond to this question by directly examining the role of CV skeletal structure in written-word recognition. To that aim, each target word was preceded by a one-letter different nonword prime that kept the same CV skeletal structure or not. We also included an identity prime as a control. Results showed faster word identification times in the CV congruent condition than in the CV incongruent condition when a consonant was replaced from the target…
Weakening Forensic Science in Spain: From Expert Evidence to Documentary Evidence*
2012
An amendment in 2002 to the Spanish Code of Criminal Procedure converted into documentary evidence the expert reports prepared by official laboratories aimed at determining the nature, weight, and purity of seized drugs. In most cases, experts are spared from appearance before the courts. This is likely to be extended to other forensic fields. After an overview of criminalistic identification in current forensic science, the objectivity and reliability concepts used by jurists and scientists are considered by comparing the paradigm of individualization with that of likelihood. Subsequently, a detailed critical study is made on the above-mentioned Spanish legal reform, and a comparison is ma…