Search results for "RITONAVIR"
showing 10 items of 25 documents
Duration of first-line antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir and emtricitabine combined with atazanavir/ritonavir, efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir i…
2013
Objectives: To explore the durability of three first-line tenofovir/emtricitabine-based regimens in combination with atazanavir/ritonavir, efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-1-infected patients. Patients and methods: A retrospective, longitudinal, multicentre analysis of adult patients enrolled in the Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA), a national prospective observational cohort of HIV-1-infected patients followed up at more than 100 clinical and laboratory units in Italy. Patients eligible were those starting first-line antiretroviral therapy between 1 June 2004 and 15 April 2011 and who were followed up for at least 6 months. The primary endpoint was durability, define…
Week 96 efficacy and safety results of the phase 3, randomized EMERALD trial to evaluate switching from boosted-protease inhibitors plus emtricitabin…
2019
Darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) 800/150/200/10 mg was investigated through 96 weeks in EMERALD (NCT02269917). Virologically-suppressed, HIV-1-positive treatment-experienced adults (previous non-darunavir virologic failure [VF] allowed) were randomized (2:1) to D/C/F/TAF or boosted protease inhibitor (PI) plus emtricitabine/tenofovir-disoproxil-fumarate (F/TDF) over 48 weeks. At week 52 participants in the boosted PI arm were offered switch to D/C/F/TAF (late-switch, 44 weeks D/C/F/TAF exposure). All participants were followed on D/C/F/TAF until week 96. Efficacy endpoints were percentage cumulative protocol-defined virologic rebound (PDVR; confirmed vira…
Low Rate of Virological Failure and Maintenance of Susceptibility to HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with First-Line Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Antiretrovir…
2010
Protease inhibitor (PI)-resistant HIV-1 has hardly ever been detected at failed boosted PI-based first-line antiretroviral regimens in clinical trials. However, this phenomenon has not been investigated in clinical practice. To address this gap, data from patients starting a first-line lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/rtv)-based therapy with available baseline HIV-1 RNA load, a viral genotype and follow-up viral load after 3 and 6 months of treatment were extracted from the Italian Antiretroviral Resistance Cohort Analysis (ARCA) observational database. Based on survival analysis, 39 (7.1%) and 43 (7.8%) of the 548 examined patient cases had an HIV-1 RNA >500 and >50 copies/ml, respectively, after …
Use of nonlinear mixed effect modeling for the intestinal absorption data: application to ritonavir in the rat.
2005
The aim of this study is to investigate in situ the mechanisms involved in the gastrointestinal absorption of ritonavir in the rat, as an animal model for preclinical studies of anti-HIV agents in vivo. Four ritonavir solutions (40, 27, 13 and 7 microM) in the presence of 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were perfused in the small intestine of anaesthetised rats. Effects of DMSO on the intestinal permeability were investigated using solutions containing antipyrine 1.33 mM and ritonavir 7 microM with and without 1% of DMSO. Antipyrine and ritonavir transport was not modified in the presence of 1% of DMSO. The population pharmacokinetic parameters of the ritonavir intestinal transport were obtaine…
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic model for ritonavir in the rat.
2007
The aim of this study is to investigate in vivo the oral bioavailability of ritonavir and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic model that best describes the plasma concentration behavior after oral and intravenous administration. Male Wistar rats were intravenously administered at 3 mg dose of pure ritonavir and oral administered at 4.6 +/- 2.5 mg of diluted Norvir. Blood samples were taken by means of the jugular vein for a 24 h period of time. An analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was developed in order to quantify ritonavir plasma concentrations. A nonlinear modeling approach was used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of interest. Results showed that a…
Genotypic resistance profiles associated with virological failure to darunavir-containing regimens: a cross-sectional analysis.
2012
Introduction: This study aimed at defining protease (PR) resistance mutations associated with darunavir (DRV) failure and PR resistance evolution at DRV failure in a large database of treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. Results: Overall, 1,104 patients were included: 118 (10.7%) failed at a median observation time of 16 months. The mean number of PR mutations at baseline was 2.7, but it was higher in patients who subsequently failed DRV. In addition, the number of PR mutations increased at failure. The increase in the mean number of mutations was completely related to mutations considered to be associated with DRV resistance following the indications of the ma…
HCV cirrhosis at the edge of decompensation: Will paritaprevir with ritonavir, ombitasvir, dasabuvir, and ribavirin solve the need for treatment?
2014
BACKGROUND: The interferon-free combination of the protease inhibitor ABT-450 with ritonavir (ABT-450/r) and the NS5A inhibitor ombitasvir (also known as ABT-267) plus the nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitor dasabuvir (also known as ABT-333) and ribavirin has shown efficacy against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection. In this phase 3 trial, we evaluated this regimen in previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and no cirrhosis. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial, we assigned previously untreated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection, in a 3:1 ratio, to an active regimen consisting of a single-ta…
Effectiveness, safety/tolerability of OBV/PTV/r ± DSV in patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4 with/without HIV-1 co-infection, chronic kidney disease (C…
2019
Background and aims Limited data are available on the effectiveness and tolerability of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) therapies in the real world for HCV-infected patients with comorbidities. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of OBV/PTV/r +/- DSV (3D/2D regimen) with or without ribavirin (RBV) in HCV or HCV/HIV co-infected patients with GT1/GT4 and CKD (IIIb-V stages), including those under hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in routine clinical practice in Spain in 2015. Material and methods Non-interventional, retrospective, multicenter data collection study in 31 Spanish sites. Socio-demographic, clinical variables, study treatment characteristics, effectiveness and toler…
Lopinavir/ritonavir and darunavir/cobicistat in hospitalized covid-19 patients: Findings from the multicenter italian corist study
2021
Background: Protease inhibitors have been considered as possible therapeutic agents for COVID-19 patients.Objectives: To describe the association between lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or darunavir/cobicistat (DRV/c) use and in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients.Study Design: Multicenter observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted in 33 Italian hospitals. Medications, preexisting conditions, clinical measures, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients were retrospectively divided in three groups, according to use of LPV/r, DRV/c or none of them. Primary outcome in a time-to event analysis was death. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with inverse probability of…
Effect of antiretroviral protease inhibitors alone, and in combination with paromomycin, on the excystation, invasion and in vitro development of Cry…
2003
With the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus in the early 1980s, cryptosporidiosis was regarded as an AIDS-defining disease. As an opportunistic pathogen, the intestinal parasite Cryptosporidium parvum became an important cause of chronic diarrhoea, leading to high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. To date, no effective chemotherapy is available. With the introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs) in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of cryptosporidiosis in AIDS patients has declined substantially in western countries. We have therefore tested the effect of five PIs used in HAART on the excystation, invasion and development of the parasit…