Search results for "RP"

Valsts nepārtrauktības doktrīnas piemērošana: nepilsoņu statuss Latvijas tiesiskajā sistēmā

2022

1990. gada 4. maijā tika atjaunota Latvijas Republika. Valsts de facto neatkarība tika atjaunota balstoties uz Latvijas valsts nepārtrauktības doktrīnu. Šajā darbā ir aplūkota nepārtrauktības doktrīnas priekšvēsture valsts dibināšanas un pirmajā neatkarības posmā, tās izveidošanās un attīstība okupācijas un aneksijas gados un nostiprināšanās atjaunotās Latvijas tiesības sistēmas pamatos. Nepārtrauktības doktrīna analizēta caur pilsonībai līdzīgā, bet no tā kategoriski nodalāmā personu statusa – nepilsonības – prizmu. Darbā vērtēta nepilsoņa statusa izveide, daba un šī statusa evolūcija.

Iekšējais audits Valsts pārvaldē

2020

Maģistra darbā tiek pētīts, vai iekšējā audita Latvijas Republikas normatīvie akti atbilst Iekšējā audita profesionālās prakses starptautiskiem standartiem un iekšējā auditora sertificēšanu, tāpēc autore izvēlējās tēmu “Iekšējais audits Valsts Pārvaldē”. Izvirzītais darba mērķis: Novērtējot LR iekšējo auditu regulējošo normatīvo aktu atbilstību Starptautiskajiem iekšējā audita standartiem, izstrādāt priekšlikumus publiskā sektora IA sistēmas pilnveidošanai. Veiktā analīze un pētījums balstās uz LR normatīvo aktu prasībām, autoru darbiem un internetā pieejamiem materiāliem Pētījuma rezultāti: Iekšējā audita LR normatīvajos aktos konstatētas nepilnības un izstrādāti priekšlikumi tā pilnveidoš…

Kuulonäkövammaisten lasten vanhempien tuentarpeet ja tuenlähteet

1998

Music therapy for improving premature infants' well-being and communication skills and enhancing mother-infant bonding : a case study

2016

Over the last few decades, mother-child attachment has received increasing attention in early intervention with prematurely born infants. In these early years, physical interactions constitute a crucial arena for early learning and brain development, and together with the strong emotional bonding between the mother and her infant, they build the foundation for later interaction relationships. Premature birth is a challenging experience for the mother-infant relationship and is always a risk factor in early interaction issues (long hospital stay, lack of physical closeness etc.). This case study aims to examine how music therapy can promote premature infant's well-being and encourage the cre…

Colour alone matters : no predator generalization among morphs of an aposematic moth

2018

Local warning colour polymorphism, frequently observed in aposematic organisms, is evolutionarily puzzling. This is because variation in aposematic signals is expected to be selected against due to predators' difficulties associating several signals with a given unprofitable prey. One possible explanation for the existence of such variation is predator generalization, which occurs when predators learn to avoid one form and consequently avoid other sufficiently similar forms, relaxing selection for monomorphic signals. We tested this hypothesis by exposing the three different colour morphs of the aposematic wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis, existing in Finland to local wild-caught predato…

An aposematic colour‐polymorphic moth seen through the eyes of conspecifics and predators – Sensitivity and colour discrimination in a tiger moth

2018

Although predation is commonly thought to exert the strongest selective pressure on coloration in aposematic species, sexual selection may also influence coloration. Specifically, polymorphism in aposematic species cannot be explained by natural selection alone. Males of the aposematic wood tiger moth (Arctia plantaginis) are polymorphic for hindwing coloration throughout most of their range. In Scandinavia, they display either white or yellow hindwings. Female hindwing coloration varies continuously from bright orange to red. Redder females and yellow males suffer least from bird predation. White males often have higher mating success than yellow males. Therefore, we ask whether females ca…

Safety in Numbers: How Color Morph Frequency Affects Predation Risk in an Aposematic Moth

2021

Polymorphic warning signals in aposematic systems are enigmatic because predator learning should favor the most common form, creating positive frequency-dependent survival. However, many populations exhibit variation in warning signals. There are various selective mechanisms that can counter positive frequency-dependent selection and lead to temporal or spatial warning signal diversification. Examining these mechanisms and their effects requires first confirming whether the most common morphs are favored at both local and regional scales. Empirical examples of this are uncommon and often include potentially confounding factors, such as a lack of knowledge of predator identity and behavior. …

Heterozygote advantage and pleiotropy contribute to intraspecific color trait variability

2022

The persistence of intrapopulation phenotypic variation typically requires some form of balancing selection because drift and directional selection eventually erode genetic variation. Heterozygote advantage remains a classic explanation for the maintenance of genetic variation in the face of selection. However, examples of heterozygote advantage, other than those associated with disease resistance, are rather uncommon. Across most of its distribution, males of the aposematic moth Arctia plantaginis have two hindwing phenotypes determined by a heritable one locus-two allele polymorphism (genotypes: WW/Wy = white morph, yy = yellow morph). Using genotyped moths, we show that the presence of o…

Weak warning signals can persist in the absence of gene flow

2019

Aposematic organisms couple conspicuous warning signals with a secondary defense to deter predators from attacking. Novel signals of aposematic prey are expected to be selected against due to positive frequency-dependent selection. How, then, can novel phenotypes persist after they arise, and why do so many aposematic species exhibit intrapopulation signal variability? Using a polytypic poison frog (Dendrobates tinctorius), we explored the forces of selection on variable aposematic signals using 2 phenotypically distinct (white, yellow) populations. Contrary to expectations, local phenotype was not always better protected compared to novel phenotypes in either population; in the white popul…

Defense against predators incurs high reproductive costs for the aposematic moth Arctia plantaginis

2020

Abstract To understand how variation in warning displays evolves and is maintained, we need to understand not only how perceivers of these traits select color and toxicity but also the sources of the genetic and phenotypic variation exposed to selection by them. We studied these aspects in the wood tiger moth Arctia plantaginis, which has two locally co-occurring male color morphs in Europe: yellow and white. When threatened, both morphs produce defensive secretions from their abdomen and from thoracic glands. Abdominal fluid has shown to be more important against invertebrate predators than avian predators, and the defensive secretion of the yellow morph is more effective against ants. Her…