Search results for "RULE"

Trace elements in shells of common gastropods in the near vicinity of a natural CO<sub>2</sub> vent: no evidence of pH-de…

2014

Abstract. There is concern that the use of natural volcanic CO2 vents as analogs for studies of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms are biased due to physiochemical influences other than seawater pH alone. One issue that has been raised is whether potentially harmful trace elements in sediments that are rendered more soluble and labile in low pH environments are made more bioavailable, and sequestered in the local flora and fauna at harmful levels. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, we analyzed the concentrations of trace elements in shells (an established proxy for tissues) of four species of gastropods (two limpets, a topshell and a whelk) collected from three sites …

Bilateral olfactory deprivation reveals a selective noradrenergic regulatory input to the olfactory bulb.

2001

Unilateral olfactory deprivation in the rat induces changes in the catecholaminergic system of the olfactory bulb. Nevertheless, evidence suggests that unilateral deprivation does not fully prevent stimulation of the deprived bulb. The present report analyses the response of the catecholaminergic system of the olfactory bulb in fully deprived rats obtained by bilateral naris occlusion. The complete deprivation produces more rapid and dramatic changes in both the intrinsic and extrinsic catecholaminergic systems of the olfactory bulb. Intrinsic responses involve a rapid decrease in dopamine-containing cells to about 25% of controls, correlated with a decreased Fos expression in juxtaglomerul…

Evidence for fractional condensation and reprocessing at high temperatures in CH chondrites

2003

We performed a detailed study of silica-rich components (SRC) in the paired CH chondrites Acfer 182 and 207. These SRCs appear either as chondrules or fragments, and they contribute <0.1 vol% to the bulk meteorite. They usually contain a silica and a silicate portion. Both portions are, in most cases, cryptocrystalline and have bulk SiO2-concentrations between 65 and 85 wt%. The silicate generally has a pyroxene normative composition. The silica often appears as blebs within the silicate matrix or vice versa. If there are no blebs, silica and silicate still form rounded interfaces. The SRCs are depleted in refractory elements like Ca, Al, and Ti relative to CI. A few SRC- like objects are e…

A systematic approach to deriving incremental type checkers

2020

Static typing can guide programmers if feedback is immediate. Therefore, all major IDEs incrementalize type checking in some way. However, prior approaches to incremental type checking are often specialized and hard to transfer to new type systems. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach for deriving incremental type checkers from textbook-style type system specifications. Our approach is based on compiling inference rules to Datalog, a carefully limited logic programming language for which incremental solvers exist. The key contribution of this paper is to discover an encoding of the infinite typing relation as a finite Datalog relation in a way that yields efficient incremental up…

The transcriptional activator rfiA is quorum-sensing regulated by cotranscription with the luxI homolog pcol and is essential for plant virulence in …

2009

The gram-negative phytopathogen Pseudomonas corrugata has an acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum-sensing (QS) system called PcoI/PcoR that is involved in virulence on tomato. This work identifies, downstream of pcol, a gene designated rfiA, which we demonstrate is directly linked to QS by cotranscription with pcol. The deduced RfiA protein contains a DNA-binding domain characteristic of the LuxR family but lacks the autoinducer-binding terminus characteristic of the QS LuxR-family proteins. We also identified, downstream of rfiA, an operon designated pcoABC, encoding for the three components of a tripartite resistance nodulation-cell-division (RND) transporter system. The expression of pco…

Seniority rules, worker mobility and wages : evidence from multi-country linked employer-employee data

2018

We construct multi-country employer-employee data to examine the consequences of last-in, first-out rules. We identify the effects by comparing worker exit rates between different units of the same firms operating in Sweden and Finland, two countries that have different seniority rules. We observe a relatively lower exit rate for more senior workers in Sweden in the shrinking firms and among the low-wage workers. These empirical patterns are consistent with last-in, first-out rules in Sweden providing protection from dismissals for the more senior workers among the worker groups to whom the rules are most relevant. Similarly, we observe a steeper seniority-wage profile in Sweden, suggesting…

The logic of the gift and the bonding value: a new perspective for business management

2011

PurposeThis paper aims to conceptualize business relationships so as to include in these dimensions of both gift and gratuity, to develop the concept of “bonding value”, and to offer some ideas for the use of this within firms.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses the concept of “bonding value”, distinguishing it from the concepts of “exchange value” and “use value” that are normally used in business, and attempts to investigate its practical implications.FindingsThe paper shows how evaluating both the relationships within the organization and between firm and stakeholders in terms of “bonding value” can have effects on the economic, organizational and social aspects of a firm's act…

Limitations of rule 23 on the allocation of costs of teaching and research staff in Spanish public universities

2020

In March 2011, the model of cost accounting for Spanish public universities was approved and published based on the CANOA project of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (MECD 2011). This paper focuses on rule 23 contained in chapter 8 of this document, where which regulates the treatment of the teaching and research dedication of university staff (PDI) and the allocation of corresponding cost to teaching, research and management. A reflection is made on certain points where there is the possibility of making different interpretations or in which satisfactory results are not obtained, with the consequences that this entails in the quality of the information and in the comparisons be…

The Responsibility of Professional Football Clubs under the Organizational Model Rules

2013

In-vitro fatigue and fracture performance of three different ferrulized implant connections used in fixed prosthesis

2021

Background/purpose: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate fatigue resistance of dental fixtures in three different types of fixture/abutment finishing line. Materials and methods: Transmucosal dental implants, with or without ferrulized neck, underwent fatigue tests (static and dynamic load) using the following standard protocol: UNI EN ISO 14801:2016. Two types of loading devices (screw- or cement-retained restoration) were also tested, and fatigue cycle tests were run to failure. Data of static and dynamic load tests were analyzed by proper statistical methods. Results: Following standard protocol for fatigue testing, the ILC type (Implant Level with ferrulized neck and ce…