Search results for "Rac1"

showing 6 items of 36 documents

Rac1 and PAK1 are upstream of IKK-ε and TBK-1 in the viral activation of interferon regulatory factor-3

2004

The anti-viral type I interferon (IFN) response is initiated by the immediate induction of IFN beta, which is mainly controlled by the IFN-regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3). The signaling pathways mediating viral IRF-3 activation are only poorly defined. We show that the Rho GTPase Rac1 is activated upon virus infection and controls IRF-3 phosphorylation and activity. Inhibition of Rac1 leads to reduced IFN beta promoter activity and to enhanced virus production. As a downstream mediator of Rac signaling towards IRF-3, we have identified the kinase p21-activated kinase (PAK1). Furthermore, both Rac1 and PAK1 regulate the recently described IRF-3 activators, I kappa B kinase- and TANK-binding kina…

rac1 GTP-Binding ProteinTranscription GeneticBiophysicsIκB kinaseProtein Serine-Threonine KinasesSignal transductionBiologyVirus ReplicationBiochemistryCell LineDogsPAK1Structural BiologyInterferonGeneticsmedicineAnimalsHumansPhosphorylationPromoter Regions Geneticp21-activated kinasesMolecular BiologyRNA Double-StrandedKinaseRho GTPaseI-Kappa-B KinaseNuclear ProteinsInterferon-betaCell BiologyCREB-Binding ProteinI-kappa B KinaseDNA-Binding ProteinsEnzyme Activationp21-Activated KinasesInfluenza A virusViral infectionAnti-viral responseTrans-ActivatorsCancer researchInterferon Regulatory Factor-3Transcription factorSignal transductionDimerizationTranscription FactorsInterferon regulatory factorsmedicine.drugFEBS Letters
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Physical inactivity increases oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis.

2005

Objective— Sedentary lifestyle is associated with increased cardiovascular events. The underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. An important source of vascular ROS is the NADPH oxidase. Methods and Results— C57BL6 mice were subjected to regular housing (physical inactivity) or voluntary training on running wheels (6 weeks). Inactivity increased vascular lipid peroxidation to 148±9% and upregulated superoxide release to 176±17% (L-012 chemiluminescence) and 188±29% (cytochrome C reduction assay), respectively. ROS production was predominantly increased in the endothelium and the medi…

rac1 GTP-Binding Proteinmedicine.medical_specialtyEndotheliumNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIIArteriosclerosisNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIBiologymedicine.disease_causechemistry.chemical_compoundMiceApolipoproteins EInternal medicinePhysical Conditioning AnimalmedicineAnimalsNADH NADPH OxidoreductasesRNA MessengerEndothelial dysfunctionLife Stylechemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesNADPH oxidaseSuperoxideNeuropeptidesNADPH Oxidase 1NADPH Oxidasesmedicine.diseasePhosphoproteinsMice Mutant Strainsrac GTP-Binding ProteinsMice Inbred C57BLVasodilationOxidative Stressmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologychemistryNOX1biology.proteinNADPH Oxidase 1Endothelium VascularNitric Oxide SynthaseCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative stressArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology
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Rho GTPases in human breast tumours: expression and mutation analyses and correlation with clinical parameters

2002

In the present study, we addressed the question of a putative relevance of Rho proteins in tumour progression by analysing their expression on protein and mRNA level in breast tumours. We show that the level of RhoA, RhoB, Rac1 and Cdc42 protein is largely enhanced in all tumour samples analysed (n=15) as compared to normal tissues originating from the same individual. The same is true for 32P-ADP-ribosylation of Rho proteins which is catalysed by Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3. Also the amount of Rho-GDI and ERK2 as well as the level of overall 32P-GTP binding acvitity was tumour-specific elevated, yet to a lower extent than Rho proteins. Although the amount of Rho proteins was enhance…

rac1 GTP-Binding Proteinrho GTP-Binding ProteinsCancer ResearchRHOAProliferation indexRHOBBlotting WesternDNA Mutational AnalysisRhoCGene ExpressionBreast NeoplasmsRAC1breast tumoursCDC42Polymerase Chain ReactionRho GTPasesRhoB GTP-Binding ProteinHumansBreastRNA Messengercdc42 GTP-Binding ProteinrhoB GTP-Binding Proteinmutation analysisADP Ribose TransferasesMitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1biologyGenetics and GenomicsMolecular biologyOncologyCdc42 GTP-Binding ProteinMutationtumour progressionDisease Progressionbiology.proteinFemaleGuanosine TriphosphaterhoA GTP-Binding ProteinBritish Journal of Cancer
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Rac1 protein signaling is required for DNA damage response stimulated by topoisomerase II poisons.

2012

To investigate the potency of the topoisomerase II (topo II) poisons doxorubicin and etoposide to stimulate the DNA damage response (DDR), S139 phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) was analyzed using rat cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2). Etoposide caused a dose-dependent increase in the γH2AX level as shown by Western blotting. By contrast, the doxorubicin response was bell-shaped with high doses failing to increase H2AX phosphorylation. Identical results were obtained by immunohistochemical analysis of γH2AX focus formation, comet assay-based DNA strand break analysis, and measuring the formation of the topo II-DNA cleavable complex. At low dose, doxorubicin activated ataxia telangiectasia m…

rac1 GTP-Binding Proteinrho GTP-Binding ProteinsDNA damageAntineoplastic AgentsBiochemistryPoisonsCell LineHistonesNeoplasmsmedicineAnimalsTopoisomerase II InhibitorsDoxorubicinMolecular BiologyEtoposidebiologyCell DeathTopoisomeraseCell BiologyMolecular biologyImmunohistochemistryRatsComet assayHistoneDNA Topoisomerases Type IIDNA Topoisomerases Type Ibiology.proteinPhosphorylationTopoisomerase-II InhibitorHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitorsmedicine.drugDNA DamageSignal TransductionThe Journal of biological chemistry
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Molecular Mechanisms of the Blockage of Glioblastoma Motility

2021

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor. GBM has a remarkable degree of motility and is able to infiltrate the healthy brain. In order to perform a rationale-based drug-repositioning study, we have used known inhibitors of two small Rho GTPases, Rac1 and Cdc42, which are upregulated in GBM and are involved in the signaling processes underlying the orchestration of the cytoskeleton and cellular motility. The selected inhibitors (R-ketorolac and ML141 for Cdc42 and R-ketorolac and EHT 1864 for Rac1) have been successfully employed to reduce the infiltration propensity of GBM in live cell imaging studies. Complementarily, all-atom simulations have elucidated the molecular …

rac1 GTP-Binding Proteinrho GTP-Binding ProteinsGeneral Chemical EngineeringBrain tumorMotilityRAC1CDC42Library and Information SciencesBiologySettore BIO/09 - FisiologiaMicrotubules01 natural sciencesDownregulation and upregulationLive cell imaging0103 physical sciencesmedicineHumanscdc42 GTP-Binding Protein010304 chemical physicsDrug discoveryCancerGeneral Chemistrymedicine.disease0104 chemical sciencesComputer Science Applications010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistrySettore CHIM/03 - Chimica Generale E InorganicaCancer researchGlioblastomaJournal of Chemical Information and Modeling
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Rho GTPases: Promising Cellular Targets for Novel Anticancer Drugs

2006

Ras-homologous (Rho) GTPases play a pivotal role in the regulation of numerous cellular functions associated with malignant transformation and metastasis. Rho GTPases are localized at membranes and become activated upon stimulation of cell surface receptors. In their GTP-bound (=active) state, Rho proteins bind to effector proteins, thereby triggering specific cellular responses. Members of the Rho family of small GTPases are key regulators of actin reorganization, cell motility, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion as well as of cell cycle progression, gene expression and apoptosis. Each of these functions is of importance for the development and progression of cancer. Fu…

rho GTP-Binding ProteinsPharmacologyCancer ResearchRHOAbiologyChemistryRHOBFarnesyltransferaseAntineoplastic AgentsRAC1GTPaseCell biologyCell Transformation NeoplasticOncologyPrenylationDrug Resistance NeoplasmTumor progressionDrug Discoverybiology.proteinAnimalsHumansEnzyme InhibitorsLipid modificationMutagensCurrent Cancer Drug Targets
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