Search results for "Radiation Injuries"
showing 10 items of 56 documents
Trends in infant leukaemia in West Germany in relation to in utero exposure due to Chernobyl accident.
1998
A temporary increase in the incidence of infant leukaemia in Greece was reported by Petridou et al., which was attributed to in utero exposure to ionising radiation resulting from the Chernobyl accident. We performed a similar analysis based on the data of the German Childhood Cancer Registry in order to check whether the observation could be confirmed by means of independent data. Applying the same definitions as Petridou et al., we also observed an increased incidence of infant leukaemia in a cohort of children born after the Chernobyl accident. More detailed analyses, regarding areas with different contamination levels and dose rate gradients over time after the accident, showed, however…
Mobile phone use and exposures in children.
2005
The main difference concerning the use of mobile phones (MPs) between today's children and adults is the longer lifetime exposure of children when they grow older, due to starting to use MPs at an early age. Additionally, recent trends lead to a higher frequency of use among children, including higher popularity of MPs and features specifically designed to attract children. The prevalence of MP users is already very high and reaches >90% among adolescents in some countries. In a German study, 6% of 9-10 years old children used a MP for making calls daily; 35% owned their own MP. For children, MPs are dominant sources of radio wave exposures and relevant sources of extremely low frequency ma…
The appropriate and justified use of medical radiation in cardiovascular imaging: a position document of the ESC Associations of Cardiovascular Imagi…
2014
The benefits of cardiac imaging are immense, and modern medicine requires the extensive and versatile use of a variety of cardiac imaging techniques. Cardiologists are responsible for a large part of the radiation exposures every person gets per year from all medical sources. Therefore, they have a particular responsibility to avoid unjustified and non-optimized use of radiation, but sometimes are imperfectly aware of the radiological dose of the examination they prescribe or practice. This position paper aims to summarize the current knowledge on radiation effective doses (and risks) related to cardiac imaging procedures. We have reviewed the literature on radiation doses, which can range …
Lovastatin attenuates ionizing radiation-induced normal tissue damage in vivo.
2009
Abstract Background and purpose HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used lipid-lowering drugs. Moreover, they have pleiotropic effects on cellular stress responses, proliferation and apoptosis in vitro . Here, we investigated whether lovastatin attenuates acute and subchronic ionizing radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity in vivo . Materials and methods Four hours to 24h after total body irradiation (6Gy) of Balb/c mice, acute pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses were analyzed. To comprise subchronic radiation toxicity, mice were irradiated twice with 2.5Gy and analyses were performed 3weeks after the first radiation treatment. Molecular markers of inflammation and f…
The wolf in sheep’s clothing: microtomographic aspects of clinically incipient radiation-related caries
2015
Background: Radiation-related caries (RRC) can cause rapid progression, with a high potential for dental destruction affecting mainly cervical and incisal areas. Unlike the injuries that occur in the conventional caries, incipient RRC present in unusual surfaces have difficult diagnosis and classification stages of cavitation. Material and Methods: Evaluate the radiographic patterns of demineralization of RRC by using micro-CT. Ten teeth with incipient RRC and 10 teeth with incipient conventional caries (control group) matched by anatomic teeth group and caries affected surfaces were evaluated by X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) Skyscan 1174V2 (50Kv, 1.3 megapixel, Kontich, Belgium). Teeth …
Risk analysis using fuzzy set theory of accidental exposure of medical staff during brachytherapy procedures
2010
Using fuzzy set theory, this paper presents results from risk analyses that explore potential exposure of medical operators working in a high dose rate brachytherapy irradiation plant. In these analyses, the HEART methodology, a first generation method for human reliability analysis, has been employed to evaluate the probability of human error. This technique has been modified on the basis of fuzzy set concepts to take into account, more directly, the uncertainties of the so-called error-promoting factors on which the method is based. Moreover, with regard to some identified accident scenarios, fuzzy potential dose was also evaluated to estimate the relevant risk. The results also provide s…
Protecting sensitive patient groups from imaging using ionizing radiation: effects during pregnancy, in fetal life and childhood
2019
The frequency of imaging examinations requiring radiation exposure in children (especially CT) is rapidly increasing. This paper reviews the current evidence in radiation protection in pediatric imaging, focusing on the recent knowledge of the biological risk related to low doses exposure. Even if there are no strictly defined limits for patient radiation exposure, it is recommended to try to keep doses as low as reasonably achievable (the ALARA principle). To achieve ALARA, several techniques to reduce the radiation dose in radiation-sensitive patients groups are reviewed. The most recent recommendations that provide guidance regarding imaging of pregnant women are also summarized, and the…
Comment on “Computer-Extracted Texture Features to Distinguish Cerebral Radionecrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumors on Multiparametric MRI: A Feasibili…
2017
We have read with great interest the article published by Tiwari et al, “Computer-Extracted Texture Features to Distinguish Cerebral Radionecrosis from Recurrent Brain Tumors on Multiparametric MRI: A Feasibility Study.”[1][1] In their article, they refer to our work regarding brain metastasis
Radiation exposure to the hands and the thyroid of the surgeon during intramedullary nailing.
1998
Abstract During 41 procedures of intramedullary nailing of femoral and tibial fractures, the primary surgeon and the first assistant wore ring dosimeters on their dominant index fingers. While the average fluoroscopy time per procedure was 4.6 min, the average dose of radiation to the dominant hand of the primary surgeon was 1.27 mSv and 1.19 mSv to the first assistant. The dose limit for the extremities is 500 mSv per year, as recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Extrapolation of the mean dose of the primary surgeon and first assistent per procedure of 1.23 mSv leads to the result that the recommended dose limit of 500 mSv would only be exceeded if more t…