Search results for "Rail"
showing 10 items of 699 documents
A model of internal and external competition in a High Speed Rail line
2015
This paper is a contribution to evaluate structural and behavioral changes in railway passenger markets. The novel elements of our analysis are the following: (i) the consideration of inter-modal and intra-modal competition, (ii) the presence of public and private operators, and (iii) endogenous service frequency. After calibrating the model using actual data from two Spanish High Speed Rail lines, simulation exercises allow us to conclude the following. Privatization, whether entry occurs or not, would prompt an increase in prices and a reduction in the number of train services, eventually leading to welfare decreases, as compared with a regime where the incumbent rail operator remained pu…
De la régionalisation à la concurrence régulée. Analyse économique et juridique de la future organisation du transport ferroviaire régional de voyage…
2006
This paper deals with the introduction of competition for the market in French regional passenger railways. Following a double approach through economics and law, it discusses the proposals for a European regulation on public passenger transport services. In a first part, the paper explains the interest and limits of competition for the market concerning French regional rail services. After analyzing the German and Swedish cases, it proposes a way of introducing competition for the market in France. In a second part, structural reforms needed ex ante are analyzed: open access to stations, rolling stock availability and future of rail employees. For each reform, the theoretical analysis is f…
Effects of a low-frequency sound wave therapy programme on functional capacity, blood circulation and bone metabolism in frail old men and women
2009
Objective: To evaluate the effects of a low-frequency sound wave therapy programme on functional capacity, blood circulation and bone metabolism of the frail elderly. Design: Single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Setting: Two senior service centres. Subjects: Forty-nine volunteers (14 males and 35 females) aged 62—93 years with up to 12 diagnosed diseases were allocated in either the intervention group (n = 30) or control group (n = 19). Intervention: The intervention group underwent sound wave therapy, 3—5 times a week for 30 minutes per session over a period of 6 months. The control group received no intervention. Main measurements: Blood pressure, functional capacity, mobility, bo…
Comparison Of Patient Satisfaction And Compliance With Two Respiratory Muscle Training Programs In The Frail Elderly
2012
The multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) for the prognostic stratification of older inpatients with COVID-19: A multicenter prospective observatio…
2021
Background: The topic of prognosis in COVID-19 research may be important in adopting appropriate clinical decisions. Multidimensional prognostic index (MPI) is a frailty assessment tool widely used for stratifying prognosis in older people, but data regarding inpatients, affected by COVID-19, are not available. Objectives: To evaluate whether MPI can predict in-hospital mortality and the admission to intensive care unit (ICU) in older inpatients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Methods: In this longitudinal, Italian, multi-center study, older patients with COVID-19 were included. MPI was calculated using eight different domains typical of comprehensive geriatric assessment and categoriz…
Computational issues in fitting joint frailty models for recurrent events with an associated terminal event.
2020
Abstract Background and objective: Joint frailty regression models are intended for the analysis of recurrent event times in the presence of informative drop-outs. They have been proposed for clinical trials to estimate the effect of some treatment on the rate of recurrent heart failure hospitalisations in the presence of drop-outs due to cardiovascular death. Whereas a R-software-package for fitting joint frailty models is available, some technical issues have to be solved in order to use SASⓇ 1 software, which is required in the regulatory environment of clinical trials. Methods: First, we demonstrate how to solve these issues by deriving proper likelihood-decompositions, in particular fo…
Editorial message
2006
Geometric Computing and Reasoning (GCR) is a new track of SAC and it is dedicated to the recent trends in the domain of geometric constraint solving and automated, or computer aided, deduction in geometry.
Solitary Waves for the Assessment of Thermal Stress and Neutral Temperature in Slender Structures
2015
Slender columns and continuous welded rails subjected to compressive stress are common in many civil structures. The rapid in-situ measurement of this stress may be of interest to prevent structural anomalies such as buckling. In this article, the authors describe the coupling mechanism between highly nonlinear solitary waves (HNSWs) propagating along an L-shaped granular system and a beam in contact with the granular medium. The aim is the evaluation of HNSWs as a tool to measure stress in thermally loaded structures and to estimate the neutral temperature, i.e. the temperature at which this stress is null. The authors investigated numerically and experimentally one chain of spherical part…
Long-lived contrails and convective cirrus above the tropical tropopause
2017
Abstract. This study has two objectives: (1) it characterizes contrails at very low temperatures and (2) it discusses convective cirrus in which the contrails occurred. (1) Long-lived contrails and cirrus from overshooting convection are investigated above the tropical tropopause at low temperatures down to −88 °C from measurements with the Russian high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica, as well as related observations during the SCOUT-O3 field experiment near Darwin, Australia, in 2005. A contrail was observed to persist below ice saturation at low temperatures and low turbulence in the stratosphere for nearly 1 h. The contrail occurred downwind of the decaying convective system H…
Increased Stability of Rubber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures to Swelling, Expansion and Rebound Effect during Post-Compaction
2017
The application of bituminous mixtures modified with rubber from scrap-tires require attention and care during mixing and compaction. Rubber modifies the properties because it reacts in the internal structure of bitumen at high temperatures changing the performance of the mixture (interaction process of solvents with binder-rubber aggregate). The main change is the increasing of the viscosity and elasticity of the binder due to the larger sizes of the rubber particles by dry process but, this positive effect is counteracted by short mixing times, compared to wet technology, and due to the transport processes, curing time and post-compaction of the mixtures. Therefore, negative effects as sw…