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showing 10 items of 3931 documents
Deux exemples de méta-modélisation : (1) de l'interception de la lumière par une plante et (2) de la dynamique des adventices dans une parcelle virtu…
2018
National audience
Designing ‘trait-based null model’ approaches to investigate community assembly mechanisms
2014
SPEEAECOLDURGEAPSIéquipe CAPA; During the last decade, many studies have addressed the signature of community assembly processes by assessing the deviation of a functional diversity pattern from that expected in null communities, using a randomization algorithm. The basic principle has been to compare the functional structure of a ‘local community’ with a set of randomly generated communities from a ‘regional species pool’. Specifically, it allows assessing the extent to which species constituting a community are functionally more or less similar than expected under the assumption of a random assembly, thus revealing the influence of assembly processes such as competition or environmental a…
Entangled photons through thick scattering media: experiments and comparison with simulations of the biphoton wave function
2021
International audience; We report experimentally and numerically quantum correlations imaging through thick random media. We demonstrated that spatial correlations between twin photon are still detected but no in form of two-photon speckle-like patterns.
Birth weight, adult weight, and cardiovascular biomarkers : Evidence from the Cardiovascular Young Finns Study
2021
This study quantifies the causal effect of birth weight on cardiovascular biomarkers in adulthood using the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS). We apply a multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) method that provides a novel approach to improve inference in causal analysis based on a mediation framework. The results show that birth weight is linked to triglyceride levels (β = −0.294; 95% CI [−0.591, 0.003]) but not to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (β = 0.007; 95% CI [−0.168, 0.183]). The total effect of birth weight on triglyceride levels is partly offset by a mediation pathway linking birth weight to adult BMI (β = 0.111; 95% CI [−0.013, 0.234]). The nega…
The effect of allergen immunotherapy in the onset of new sensitizations: a meta-analysis.
2017
Background Although the preventive efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) in the onset of new allergen sensitizations has been asserted by many reviews, position papers, and consensus conferences, the evidence available is from only 3 studies. The objective of this work was a systematic review to evaluate the preventive efficacy of AIT in the onset of new allergen sensitizations. The end-point was the risk difference (RD) in the onset of new allergen sensitizations between patients treated with AIT and pharmacotherapy. Methods Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (until November 30th, 2016) were done. Random-effects and fixed-effects model meta-…
Theory-Based Interventions Combining Mental Simulation and Planning Techniques to Improve Physical Activity: Null Results from Two Randomized Control…
2016
Interventions to assist individuals in initiating and maintaining regular participation in physical activity are not always effective. Psychological and behavioral theories advocate the importance of both motivation and volition in interventions to change health behavior. Interventions adopting self-regulation strategies that foster motivational and volitional components may, therefore, have utility in promoting regular physical activity participation. We tested the efficacy of an intervention adopting motivational (mental simulation) and volitional (implementation intentions) components to promote a regular physical activity in two studies. Study 1 adopted a cluster randomized design in wh…
A novel pilot study of automatic identification of EMF radiation effect on brain using computer vision and machine learning
2020
Abstract Electromagnetic field (EMF) radiations from mobile phones and cell tower affect brain of humans and other organisms in many ways. Exposure to EMF could lead to neurological changes causing morphological or chemical changes in the brain and other internal organs. Cellular level analysis to measure and identify the effect of mobile radiations is an expensive and long process as it requires preparing the cell suspension for the analysis. This paper presents a novel pilot study to identify changes in brain morphology under EMF exposure considering drosophila melanogaster as a specimen. The brain is automatically segmented, obtaining microscopic images from which discriminatory geometri…
Cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism: Treatment and prevention with rivaroxaban
2020
Abstract Cancer‐associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a frequent, potentially life‐threatening event that complicates cancer management. Anticoagulants are the cornerstone of therapy for the treatment and prevention of cancer‐associated thrombosis (CAT); factor Xa–inhibiting direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban), which have long been recommended for the treatment of VTE in patients without cancer, have been investigated in this setting. The first randomized comparisons of DOACs against low‐molecular‐weight heparin for the treatment of CAT indicated that DOACs are efficacious in this setting, with findings reflected in recent updates to published guidan…
Looking for the best immune-checkpoint inhibitor in pre-treated NSCLC patients: An indirect comparison between nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizu…
2017
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors represent the new standard of care in patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after first-line treatment. This work aim to assess any difference in both efficacy and safety profiles among Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab in pre-treated NSCLC patients. Randomized clinical trials comparing immune-checkpoint inhibitor versus docetaxel in pre-treated patients with advanced NSCLC were included and direct comparison meta-analysis of selected trials have been performed. Subsequently the summary estimates of Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab emerging from the direct meta-analysis were selected to provide the pooled estimates of hazard ratio (HR) and…
Prevention of sports injuries : systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
2013
Urheilu sisältää aina riskin vammautumisesta. Urheiluvamma vaikuttaa negatiivisesti urheilijan terveyteen ja vammojen hoito on kallista. Tutkimukset urheiluvammojen ennaltaehkäisystä ovat lisääntyneet huomattavasti viime vuosien aikana. Tämä pro gradu –tutkielma on systemaattinen kirjallisuuskatsaus ja meta-analyysi satunnaistetuista, kontrolloiduista tutkimuksista. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tehdä yhteenveto urheiluvammojen ennaltaehkäisyyn tähtäävistä interventioista. Systemaattinen kirjallisuushaku tehtiin käyttämällä seuraavia hakusanoja: sports injuri/es, athletic injuri/es, prevention, preventive, randomized, controlled trial ja randomized controlled trial. Käytetyt tietokannat oliv…