Search results for "Rapping"

showing 10 items of 280 documents

The Closed/Open Model for Lipase Activation. Addressing Intermediate Active Forms of Fungal Enzymes by Trapping of Conformers in Water-Restricted Env…

2001

The behavior of prototypic fungal lipases in a water-restricted environment has been investigated by exploiting the reported experimental strategy that allows the trapping (freeze-drying) of the enzyme in the conformation present in aqueous solution and to subsequently assay it in nonaqueous media [Mingarro, I., Abad, C., and Braco, L. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 3308-3312]. We now report, using simple esterification as well as acidolysis (triglycerides as substrates) as nonaqueous model reactions, that the presence of a detergent (n-octyl-beta-glucopyranoside) in the freeze-drying buffer, at concentrations below the critical micellar concentration, generates different catalyti…

Protein ConformationStereochemistryThioglucosidesDetergentsTrappingBuffersBiochemistryFungal ProteinsAscomycotaEnzyme StabilityMoleculeLipaseConformational isomerismMicellesTriglyceridesCandidachemistry.chemical_classificationAqueous solutionbiologyWaterLipaseGeotrichumEnzyme ActivationSolutionsFreeze DryingEnzymeModels ChemicalchemistryCritical micelle concentrationbiology.proteinFungal enzymesRhizopusBiochemistry
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Effects of cigarette smoke on methacholine- and AMP-induced air trapping in asthmatics.

2014

Abstract Objective: No information is available on the effect of cigarette smoke on bronchoconstrictor-induced air trapping in asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the additional influence of smoking on methacholine- and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-induced air trapping in subjects with asthma.Airway responsiveness to methacholine and AMP, bronchial (J'awNO) and alveolar (CANO) nitric oxide (NO) and exhaled breath condensate pH were measured in 68 adults (23 current smokers with asthma, 23 non-smokers with asthma and 22 current or former smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPD). The degree of air trapping induced by each bronchoconstrictor agent was expressed b…

Pulmonary and Respiratory MedicineAdultMaleVital capacityVital CapacityAir trappingNitric OxideBronchoconstrictor AgentsFEV1/FVC ratioPulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructiveimmune system diseasesSmokeTobaccomedicineImmunology and AllergyHumansExhaled breath condensateMethacholine ChlorideAsthmaCOPDbusiness.industrySmokingrespiratory systemMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseAdenosine MonophosphateAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesBreath TestsAnesthesiaPediatrics Perinatology and Child HealthExhaled nitric oxideMethacholineFemalemedicine.symptombusinessmedicine.drugThe Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma
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Assessing and accessing the small airways; implications for asthma management

2013

Despite the wealth of experience in the management of asthma, the disease remains inadequately controlled in some patients, who face long-term respiratory impairment and disability. The disease has been characterised as an inflammatory condition affecting first the larger airways and eventually the smaller airways, but there is evidence that peripheral airway involvement defines a particular and more severe phenotype of asthma. For this reason, assessing functional and biological parameters reflective of small airways involvement is important prognostically. No assessment method is universally and directly representative of peripheral airway function, but the traditional spirometric tests, …

Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicinemedicine.medical_specialtyVital capacityVital CapacityDiseaseSettore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato RespiratorioAsthma managementAir trappingNitric OxideNitric Oxide; Respiratory Function Tests; Vital Capacity; Humans; Tomography X-Ray Computed; Asthma; Forced Expiratory Volume; Breath TestsForced Expiratory VolumeMedicineHumansPharmacology (medical)Intensive care medicineAsthmaRespiratory Function Testbusiness.industrySmall airwaysBiochemistry (medical)medicine.diseaseResponse to treatmentAsthmarespiratory tract diseasesRespiratory Function TestsImpulse OscillometryBreath TestsAnesthesiamedicine.symptombusinessTomography X-Ray ComputedHuman
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Observation of instabilities in a Paul trap with higher-order anharmonicities

1995

Systematic measurements of the relative ion number stored in a Paul trap within the stability diagram given by the solution of the equation of motion reveal many lines, where only few or no ions can be confined. The observations can be explained by the presence of perturbations from higher-order components in the trapping potential, which is a quadrupole potential in the ideal case. The resonances follow the equation (nr/2)βr + (nr/2)βz = 1,nr +nz =N, where 2N is the order of the perturbation,nr,nz are integer andβr,βz are stability parameters of the trap. The experiments were performed on H+ and H2+ ions, which are detected after a storage time of 0.3 s by ejection from the trap.

Quantum opticsPhysicsPhysics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)QuadrupoleGeneral EngineeringGeneral Physics and AstronomyEquations of motionPerturbation (astronomy)Stability diagramIon trapTrappingAtomic physicsIonApplied Physics B Lasers and Optics
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Quantum Criticality in a Bosonic Josephson Junction

2011

In this paper we consider a bosonic Josephson junction described by a two-mode Bose-Hubbard model, and we thoroughly analyze a quantum phase transition occurring in the system in the limit of infinite bosonic population. We discuss the relation between this quantum phase transition and the dynamical bifurcation occurring in the spectrum of the Discrete Self Trapping equations describing the system at the semiclassical level. In particular, we identify five regimes depending on the strength of the effective interaction among bosons, and study the finite-size effects arising from the finiteness of the bosonic population. We devote a special attention to the critical regime which reduces to th…

Quantum phase transitionJosephson effectPhysicsDYNAMICSCondensed Matter::Quantum Gaseseducation.field_of_studySPECTRUMStatistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)PopulationSELF-TRAPPING EQUATIONSemiclassical physicsFOS: Physical sciencesFLUCTUATIONSEntropy of entanglementAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsBifurcation theoryQuantum mechanicsThermodynamic limitQuantum informationeducationBOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATECondensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
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Lifetime of the metastable 6P 3/2 level of PbII

1989

Pb+-ions were stored in a r.f.-quadrupole trap. Short laser pulses at a 710-nm M1-transition excited the ions to the metastable 6P 3/2 level. Time-resolved registration of the subsequent decay photons at the same wavelength directly gives the lifetime of that state. No dependence of the decay rate on the density of different buffer gases up to 10−5 mbar pressure was observed and from this we deduced upper limits to the quenching cross section. We have observed, however, a small dependence on the stored ion number. The final result for the lifetime is 41.2 ± 0.7 ms in agreement with the result of a previous calculation.

QuenchingWavelengthPhotonMaterials sciencelawExcited stateMetastabilityAtomic physicsLaserIon trappingAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsIonlaw.inventionZeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters
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Interpretation of capacitance spectra and transit times of single carrier space-charge limited transport in organic layers with field-dependent mobil…

2007

The ac impedance characteristics of a single carrier with space-charge limited current (SCLC) transport in organic layers with field-dependent mobility is analyzed, indicating the similarities as well as the differences to the constant mobility case. The model provides capacitance spectra and transit times from different calculation methods, in relation to the electric field distribution in the SCLC regime. It is found that the low frequency capacitance lies in the range 3Cg/4 < Cif < Cg, with respect to the geometric capacitance Cg. An approximated expression for the variation of the transit time with applied bias is derived, in good agreement with exact calculations. Experimental results …

Range (particle radiation)Condensed matter physicsChemistryField dependenceSurfaces and InterfacesTrappingLow frequencyCondensed Matter PhysicsCapacitanceSpace chargeSpectral lineSurfaces Coatings and FilmsElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsElectric fieldMaterials ChemistryElectrical and Electronic Engineeringphysica status solidi (a)
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Chapter 7 HITRAP: A Facility at GSI for Highly Charged Ions

2008

Abstract An overview and status report of the new trapping facility for highly charged ions at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung is presented. The construction of this facility started in 2005 and is expected to be completed in 2008. Once operational, highly charged ions will be loaded from the experimental storage ring ESR into the HITRAP facility, where they are decelerated and cooled. The kinetic energy of the initially fast ions is reduced by more than fourteen orders of magnitude and their thermal energy is cooled to cryogenic temperatures. The cold ions are then delivered to a broad range of atomic physics experiments.

Range (particle radiation)business.industryOrders of magnitude (temperature)ChemistryTrappingStatus reportKinetic energyIonNuclear physicsPhysics::Atomic PhysicsAtomic physicsbusinessThermal energyStorage ring
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Shifting of wrapped phase maps in the frequency domain using a rational number

2016

The number of phase wraps in an image can be either reduced, or completely eliminated, by transforming the image into the frequency domain using a Fourier transform, and then shifting the spectrum towards the origin. After this, the spectrum is transformed back to the spatial domain using the inverse Fourier transform and finally the phase is extracted using the arctangent function. However, it is a common concern that the spectrum can be shifted only by an integer number, meaning that the phase wrap reduction is often not optimal. In this paper we propose an algorithm than enables the spectrum to be frequency shifted by a rational number. The principle of the proposed method is confirmed b…

Rational numberApplied Mathematics0211 other engineering and technologies02 engineering and technology01 natural sciencesPhase unwrapping010309 opticssymbols.namesakeFourier transformTARobustness (computer science)Signal recoveryFrequency domain0103 physical sciencessymbolsInverse trigonometric functionsSpatial domainInstrumentationEngineering (miscellaneous)AlgorithmQC021101 geological & geomatics engineeringMathematics
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Trapping AsPh3 via reaction with NiS/γ-Al2O3 in the presence of H2: Reaction mechanism and kinetics

2021

International audience; Removal of As from petroleum feedstocks is an important process which can be realized using As trapping mass containing supported nickel sulfide. In order to understand the mechanism of the trapping we studied the reaction of AsPh3 with NiS/γ-Al2O3 in the presence of H2 in a batch reactor in toluene solution at 230 °C. This reaction results in formation of NiAs, benzene and H2S. Also, the intermediate species, thiophenol and diphenylsulfide, were observed. Despite formation of NiAs layer in the course of reaction, the rate of AsPh3 decomposition is not affected by the solid state diffusion up to ∼ 50 % of nickel conversion. The rate determining step in these conditio…

Reaction mechanismNickel sulfideOrder of reaction010405 organic chemistryProcess Chemistry and TechnologyThiophenolchemistry.chemical_element[CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis010402 general chemistryPhotochemistryRate-determining step01 natural sciences7. Clean energyCatalysisDearsenification0104 chemical sciencesCatalysisAs trapping masschemistry.chemical_compoundNickelchemistry13. Climate actionHydrogenolysisProtection of hydrotreatment catalysts
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