Search results for "Reactive"
showing 10 items of 1469 documents
H89 enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to glyceryl trinitrate through a purinergic receptor-dependent pathway
2014
// Marion Cortier 1, 2, 3 , Rahamata Boina-Ali 1, 2, 3 , Cindy Racoeur 1, 2, 3 , Catherine Paul 1, 2, 3 , Eric Solary 2, 4, 5 , Jean-Francois Jeannin 1, 2, 3 , Ali Bettaieb 1, 2, 3 1 EPHE, Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Dijon, F-21000, France 2 Inserm U866, Dijon, F-21000, France 3 EA7269, University of Burgundy, Dijon, F-21000, France 4 Inserm UMR1009, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif F-94805, France 5 University Paris-Sud, Faculty of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, F-94800, France Correspondence to: Ali Bettaieb, e-mail: ali.bettaieb@u-bourgogne.fr Keywords: H89, GTN, cancer, purinergic receptors, cGMP Received: October 08, 2014 Accepted: January 09, 2015 Publis…
Cardiovascular risk in patients without known cardiovascular disease.
2014
Understanding the risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) allows for better patient education and management. Multiple risk models have been validated in large patient populations and provide insights into the risks associated with CVD. When assessing such risks, we suggest using a model that predicts myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and/or cerebrovascular events. In this review, we analyze several risk models and stratify the risks associated with CVD. We suggest that appropriate profiling of patients at-risk of CVD will lead to better physician recognition and treatment of modifiable risk factors, appropriate application of ATP III treatment for hyperlipidemia, a…
Detection of oxidative mutagenesis by isoniazid and other hydrazine derivatives in Escherichia coli WP2 tester strain IC203, deficient in OxyR: stron…
1998
Abstract Strain IC203, deficient in the OxyR function, was sensitive to both cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of isoniazid (INH) whereas its parent, WP2 uvrA /pKM101, was resistant to these effects. Four other hydrazine compounds, hydrazine hydrate (HZH), phenylhydrazine (PHZ), hydralazine (HLZ) and nialamide (NLD), were mutagenic in WP2 uvrA /pKM101. Increases in mutagenicity were observed in IC203 for HZH and PHZ but not for HLZ and NLD. Growth inhibition zones by HZH, PHZ and NLD were larger in IC203 than in WP2 uvrA /pKM101. The enhancements in the effects of INH, HZH and PHZ in IC203 with respect to its oxyR + parent are considered to be caused by the production of reactive oxygen speci…
Nitrate tolerance as a model of vascular dysfunction: Roles for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial oxidative stress
2008
Organic nitrates are a group of very effective anti-ischemic drugs. They are used for the treatment of patients with stable angina, acute myocardial infarction and chronic congestive heart failure. A major therapeutic limitation inherent to organic nitrates is the development of tolerance, which occurs during chronic treatment with these agents. The mechanisms underlying nitrate tolerance remain incompletely defined and are likely multifactorial. One mechanism seems to be a diminished bioconversion of nitroglycerin, another seems to be the induction of vascular oxidative stress, and a third may include neurohumoral adaptations. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial reactive oxygen…
Mitochondrial redox signaling: Interaction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species with other sources of oxidative stress.
2014
Significance: Oxidative stress is a well established hallmark of cardiovascular disease and there is strong evidence for a causal role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) therein. Recent Advances: Improvement of cardiovascular complications by genetic deletion of RONS producing enzymes and overexpression of RONS degrading enzymes proved the involvement of these species in cardiovascular disease at a molecular level. Vice versa, overexpression of RONS producing enzymes as well as deletion of antioxidant enzymes was demonstrated to aggravate cardiovascular complications. Critical Issues: With the present overview we present and discuss different pathways how mitochondrial RONS inte…
Role of endothelial cell stress in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure.
2009
Endothelial cells are key modulators of diverse physiological processes, and their impaired function is a cause of numerous cardiovascular diseases. Under physiologic condition, the reactive oxygen and nitrogen mediators in endothelia lead to the signal propagation of the initial stimulus, by forming molecules with a longer half-life like hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is the focus of growing attention in endothelial biology, and consequently the enzymes involved in its generation and clearance are viewed as novel mediators of great importance. In particular, among peroxidases, myeloperoxidase is recognized as a key enzyme, capable of impairing intracellular NO reservoirs as well as p…
Functional assays of oxidative stress using genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains.
2003
Oxidative stress may be induced in bacteria by exogenous biocidal agents and is involved in endogenous metabolism. The oxyR operon is a main sensor of oxidative stress and oxyR-deficient bacteria show enhanced sensitivity to oxidative stress and increased accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Flow cytometric functional assays in bacteria are limited by the impaired penetration of vital dyes trough the cell wall. Escherichia coli B WP2 strains possess an altered cell-wall lipopolysaccharide that leads to increased membrane permeability. Flow cytometric analysis of WP2 strains is a convenient alternative for cytometric assays of bacterial function. This unit presents pr…
Role of inflammation and infection in vascular disease
2006
Relationship of infection, inflammation, and atherosclerosis has been a subject of intensive investigation in recent years. Potential mechanisms whereby chronic infections may play a role in atherogenesis are myriad. Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) infection in early life may accelerate atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular complications. Other infections, simultaneously occurring with Cp, may result in a synergistic effect to promote atherosclerosis. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection is known to increase the pH level of the gastric juice and to decrease ascorbic acid levels, both of which will lead to a reduced folate absorption. Low folate hampers the methionine synthase reaction. This…
Impact of infectious burden on extent and long-term prognosis of atherosclerosis.
2002
Background — Recent findings suggest a causative role of infections in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In hypothesizing an association between infectious agents and the development of atherosclerosis, we would expect a correlation to the extent of atherosclerosis. Moreover, this effect could be multiplied by the number of pathogens to which an individual had been exposed. Methods and Results — In 572 patients, IgG or IgA antibodies to herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Hemophilus influenzae , Chlamydia pneumoniae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , and Helicobacter pylori were measured. The extent of atherosclerosis was determined by coronary angiography, carotid…