Search results for "Reactivity"
showing 10 items of 880 documents
Copolymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate with Methyl Methacrylate and PMMA Macromonomers: Comparison of Reactivity Ratios in Conventional and Atom Trans…
1999
The reactivity ratios of n-butyl acrylate (nBuA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ω-methacryloyl-PMMA macromonomers (MM) in conventional and atom transfer radical copolymerization (ATRP) have been determined. For the copolymerization of nBuA with MMA, good agreement of the ratios is observed between conventional and controlled radical copolymerization, indicating that chemoselectivities in both processes are similar. The relative reactivity of the MM (1/rnBuA) in conventional copolymerization is significantly lower than that of MMA. It depends on the concentration of the comonomers but is not significantly influenced by the length of the MM. At high concentrations the relative reactivity …
Lung CD11c+ cells from mice deficient in Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI-3) prevent airway hyper-responsiveness in experimental asthma
2007
Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene (EBI)-3 codes for a soluble type 1 cytokine receptor homologous to the p40 subunit of IL-12 that is expressed by antigen-presenting cells following activation. Here, we analyzed the functional role of EBI-3 in a murine model of asthma associated with airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Upon allergen challenge, EBI-3-/- mice showed less severe AHR, decreased numbers and degranulation of eosinophils and a significantly reduced number of VCAM-1+ cells in the lungs as compared to wild-type littermates. We thus analyzed lung CD11c+ cells before and after allergen challenge in these mice and found that before allergen challenge, lung CD1…
Coexpression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 Enables Regulatory T Cells to Completely Suppress Airway Hyperreactivity
2008
Abstract In allergic airway disease, Treg may play an important role in the modulation of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and inflammation. We therefore investigated the therapeutic potential of Treg in an Ag-dependent murine asthma model. We here describe that AHR can be completely suppressed by adoptive transfer of Treg overexpressing active TGF-β1. Using mice with impaired TGF-β signaling in T cells, we could demonstrate that TGF-β signaling in recipient effector T cells or transferred Treg themselves is not required for the protective effects on AHR. However, the expression of IL-10 by Treg was found to be essential for the suppression of AHR, since Treg overexpressing active TGF-β1 but de…
TH17 cells mediate pulmonary collateral priming
2010
Background Our laboratory has shown that inhalational sensitization to new antigens is facilitated through an ongoing T H 2-polarized inflammation of the lung, a phenomenon we call "collateral priming." Objective We were interested to analyze whether a T H 1-polarized pulmonary inflammation also facilitates priming toward new antigens and which cytokine or cytokines are involved. Methods T H 1-polarized T cells were generated in vitro and transferred into congenic mice. Mice were challenged initially with cognate antigen and an unrelated antigen; consecutively, they received cognate antigen or the secondary antigen. Airway inflammation, antigen-specific IgG2a levels, and airway hyperrespons…
Development of a Brief Form of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (B–IRI)
2016
ABSTRACTThe Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a standardized self-report measure of disposition to empathic responsiveness for the general adult population (the domain for which it was developed), and for the general adolescent population. The IRI has a number of problems, however, including some uncertainty about its factor structure, low reliabilities, and poor readability of some items for people with limited literacy skills. To address these issues, we constructed an abbreviated form of the index, the Brief IRI (B–IRI). Three studies demonstrated that this 16-item B–IRI has a clear and coherent factor structure, adequate internal consistency, measurement invariance across gender a…
Bronchial reactivity and intracellular magnesium: a possible mechanism for the bronchodilating effects of magnesium in asthma
1998
1.Increased bronchial smooth muscle contractility with consequent bronchial hyperreactivity are characteristic physiopathological events of asthma. Since magnesium intervenes in calcium transport mechanisms and intracellular phosphorylation reactions, it constitutes an important determinant of the contraction/relaxation state of bronchial smooth muscle. In the present study we investigated the relationship between bronchial reactivity, assessed by methacholine-provocation test, and magnesium concentrations both at extracellular and intracellular levels measured by spectrophotometry. Twenty-two patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and 38 non-asthmatic subjects with allergic rhinitis (24 all…
Development of a Peptide-Based Sandwich Elisa for Human Tissue Prokallikrein with No Cross-Reactivity from Mature Kallikrein
2000
Human tissue prokallikrein is the enzymatically inactive zymogen of a serine proteinase involved in the liberation of vasoactive kinin peptides, and it is supposed that an impaired prokallikrein-to-kallikrein conversion is closely related to certain hypertensive and inflammatory disorders. Progress in understanding the biological role of the proenzyme has been limited by the absence of an accurate assay for the kallikrein precursor. We describe a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure human tissue prokallikrein using monospecific anti-peptide antibodies raised against propeptide derivatives. This method could detect a minimum concentration of 60 pg/ml prokallikrein and displa…
Effects of allergen exposure on methacholine and AMP-induced air trapping in pollen-sensitive subjects
2011
Summary Background The effect of pro-inflammatory stimuli on bronchoconstrictor-induced air trapping has not been studied. Objective To determine the effect of natural allergen exposure, a pro-inflammatory stimulus, on methacholine- and adenosine 5′-monophospate (AMP)-induced air trapping. Methods Airway responsiveness to methacholine and AMP before and during the pollen season was obtained in 25 subjects with pollen allergy and in 10 healthy controls. The response was expressed by the sensitivity (PC 20 value) and by the slope and intercept of the FVC values recorded at each step of the challenge against the corresponding FEV 1 values. Results The slope and intercept FVC versus FEV 1 value…
Increases of negative affect following daily hassles are not moderated by neuroticism: An ecological momentary assessment study
2020
The occurrence of daily hassles is associated with increased subsequent levels of negative affect. Neuroticism has been found to exacerbate this effect. So far, most research used single-item measures for the assessment of daily hassles or relied on daily diary studies. This study aimed to examine the interrelations of daily hassles, negative affect reactivity, and neuroticism in daily life employing an extensive inventory of daily hassles. Seventy participants (18-30 years; M = 23.9 years, 59% female) completed a 4-week smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment study reporting the occurrence and perceived strain of daily hassles as well as negative affect at five semi-random signals…
Use of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for Anisakis allergy in a high seroprevalence Mediterranean setting
2020
Summary Background.Diagnosis of anisakis allergy (AA) is based on the skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) determination. Anyway, false positivity cases are due to cross reactivity with numerous allergens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability of a comprehensive diagnostic algorithm for the AA. Methods.An observational study was conducted on a sample of consecutive subjects accessing the allergology outpatient ambulatories of two hospitals located in Western Sicily. All the recruited outpatients were tested by Skin Prick Test performed using anisakis extracts by ALK-Abello (Madrid, Spain). Specific IgE dosage for anisakis extracts was then performed by using ImmunoCA…