Search results for "Reading"

2021

Abstract Developmental dyslexia is a specific learning disorder with impairments in reading and spelling acquisition. Apart from literacy problems, dyslexics show inefficient speech encoding and deficient novel word learning, with underlying problems in phonological processing and learning. These problems have been suggested to be related to deficient specialization of the left hemisphere for language processing. To examine this possibility, we tracked with magnetoencephalography (MEG) the activation of the bilateral temporal cortices during formation of neural memory traces for new spoken word forms in 7–8-year-old children with high familial dyslexia risk and in controls. The at-risk chil…

Reading a Qubit Quantum State with a Quantum Meter: Time Unfolding of Quantum Darwinism and Quantum Information Flux

2019

Quantum non-Markovianity and quantum Darwinism are two phenomena linked by a common theme: the flux of quantum information between a quantum system and the quantum environment it interacts with. In this work, making use of a quantum collision model, a formalism initiated by Sudarshan and his school, we will analyse the efficiency with which the information about a single qubit gained by a quantum harmonic oscillator, acting as a meter, is transferred to a bosonic environment. We will show how, in some regimes, such quantum information flux is inefficient, leading to the simultaneous emergence of non-Markovian and non-darwinistic behaviours.

Language does not modulate fake news credibility, but emotion does

2020

Abstract The proliferation of fake news in internet requires understanding which factors modulate their credibility and take actions to limit their impact. A number of recent studies have shown an effect of the foreign language when making decisions: reading in a foreign language engages a more rational, analytic mode of thinking (Costa et al., 2014, Cognition). This analytic mode of processing may lead to a decrease in the credibility of fake news. Here we conducted two experiments to examine whether fake news stories presented to university students were more credible in the native language than in a foreign language. Bayesian analyses in both experiments offered support for the hypothesi…

Deconstructing Stereotypes Through Reading Children’s Literature as Intergenerational Play: The Case of the Stepmother

2021

One of the key roles within stepfamilies, the role of stepmother has been and still is stigmatized with an aura of wickedness, produced by folk and fairy tales as well as by the media. As a review of theoretical frameworks of children’s literature indicates, there is a shortage of methodological proposals for handling such controversial topics in literary education. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to present and test a methodology for analyzing the capacity of children’s literature to shape social understanding of such intergenerational topics. This study was based on the exploration of the picture book by Gonzalez and Alberdi entitled La novia de papa tambien me quiere (My Dad’s Gir…

Do graphical overviews facilitate or hinder comprehension in hypertext?

2009

Educational hypertexts usually include graphical overviews, conveying the structure of the text schematically with the aim of fostering comprehension. Despite the claims about their relevance, there is currently no consensus on the impact that hypertext overviews have on the reader's comprehension. In the present paper we have explored how hypertext overviews might affect comprehension with regard to (a) the time at which students read the overview and (b) the hypertext difficulty. The results from two eye-tracking studies revealed that reading a graphical overview at the beginning of the hypertext is related to an improvement in the participant's comprehension of quite difficult hypertexts…

Reading Debates Politically

2017

This chapter focuses on the concept of debate, taking the concept of ‘political literacy’ as point of departure. The concept of political literacy means that it is crucial to be willing and competent to judge actions, situations, practices and institutions in terms of political struggle. What kinds of aims can we identify in various utterances, arguments or topoi, and how may we assess their consequences? Based on this idea of political literacy, our leading thesis in this chapter is that parliamentary debate, as it was formed and is practised in the British parliament at Westminster, forms an approximation to the ideal type of debate. The ideal type allows the classification of the structu…

More Than (Single) Text Comprehension? – On University Students’ Understanding of Multiple Documents

2020

The digital revolution has made a multitude of text documents from highly diverse perspectives on almost any topic easily available. Accordingly, the ability to integrate and evaluate information from different sources, known as multiple document comprehension, has become increasingly important. Because multiple document comprehension requires the integration of content and source information across texts, it is assumed to exceed the demands of single text comprehension due to the inclusion of two additional mental representations: the integrated situation model and the intertext model. To date, there is little empirical evidence on commonalities and differences between single text and mult…

Analyzing the Effects of Lexical Cognates on Translation Properties: A Multivariate Product and Process Based Approach

2021

The translation of cognates has received renewed interest in Translation Process Research (Oster (2017) Empir Model Transl Interpret 7:23; Hansen-Schirra et al. (2017) Predicting cognate translation. In: Hansen-Schirra S, Czulo O, Hofmann S (eds) Empirical modelling of translation and interpreting. Language Science Press, Berlin, pp 3–22) but tends to be relatively time-consuming due to the manual identification of cognates and their translations. On the basis of work by Heilmann (Profiling effects of syntactic complexity in translation: a multi-method approach. PhD thesis, 2021) and the structure of the TPR-DB, we devised a relatively simple way to determine the cognate status of ST words …

Unveiling the needs of students who stutter in the language skills - a study on anxiety and stuttering in EFL learning

2019

The aim of this study is to discuss the needs of learners who stutter (LWS) in the skills of speaking, listening, reading, and writing in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning based on their levels of anxiety, and their experiences as individuals who stutter in the process of learning this language. To this end, the anxiety of these students (n = 16) in the foreign language was measured using the Foreign language classroom anxiety scale (FLCAS), and the Specific language skills anxiety scale (SLSAS), whilst their experiences were elicited through semi-structured interviews. Their foreign language anxiety (FLA) levels were then compared to those obtained from a control group of non-st…

Nörttikulttuurin identiteettikriisi

2020

Nörttikulttuuri on identiteettikriisissä. Perinteisesti nörttimäisinä pidetyt käytänteet ja kulttuurituotteet ovat siirtyneet lähemmäs valtavirtaa, mikä on häivyttänyt rajaa nörttien ja muiden median ja teknologian käyttäjien välillä. Nörttikulttuurin sisälle tämä on heijastunut kiistaksi siitä, kuka saa osallistua nörttikulttuurin kuluttamiseen, tuottamiseen ja määrittelyyn, ja millä tavoin. Stereotypia nörttikulttuurista valkoisten heteromiesten maskuliinisena kenttänä ei koskaan ole pitänyt täysin paikkansa, mutta 2000-luvulla väitteen totuudellisuus on murentunut entisestään.
 Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelemme nörttiyden kriisiä kolmen tapaustutkimuksen kautta ja analysoimme, mitä G…