Search results for "Reason"
showing 10 items of 526 documents
On the power of inductive inference from good examples
1993
Abstract The usual information in inductive inference available for the purposes of identifying an unknown recursive function f is the set of all input/output examples (x,f(x)),n eN. In contrast to this approach we show that it is considerably more powerful to work with finite sets of “good” examples even when these good examples are required to be effectively computable. The influence of the underlying numberings, with respect to which the identification has to be realized, to the capabilities of inference from good examples is also investigated. It turns out that nonstandard numberings can be much more powerful than Godel numberings.
Dall’ordinamento al ragionamento
2017
Questo intervento è la mia replica al dibattito sul mio libro Teoria analitica del diritto I. La norma giuridica, al quale hanno partecipato Gaetano Carlizzi, Vincenzo Omaggio, e Vito Velluzzi. Colgo l’occasione di questo intervento, e delle perspicue osservazioni emerse nel dibattito, per chiarire un paio di punti specifici del mio libro, e per ritornare sul progetto complessivo che lo anima. This is my rejoinder to the debate with Gaetano Carlizzi, Vincenzo Omaggio, and Vito Velluzzi on my book Teoria analitica del diritto I. La norma giuridica. I gladly use this opportunity, and the insightful remarks provided by my commentators, to clarify a couple of points that I already made in my bo…
Abitare nel reale. Dalla crisi della periferia alla tessitura di nuove relazioni contestuali
2019
I progetti redatti per “Palermo Sud-Est” sono il risultato di un Laboratorio di Laurea strutturatosi attraverso incontri, seminari, comunicazioni specialistiche, esposizioni critiche, che – in una strategia condivisa – ha visto ogni studente elaborare il proprio lavoro nel confronto con gli altri attori del Laboratorio stesso. La ricerca sui “progetti urbani” è stata impostata di modo che ogni laureando fosse messo a conoscenza dei progetti svolti nello stesso ambito territoriale dai colleghi che l’avevano preceduto, così da poter operare in continuità e contribuire a formulare un ragionamento unitario, nel quale ogni progetto costituisse continuazione, verifica o anche variante dei precede…
On the impact of forgetting on learning machines
1995
People tend not to have perfect memories when it comes to learning, or to anything else for that matter. Most formal studies of learning, however, assume a perfect memory. Some approaches have restricted the number of items that could be retained. We introduce a complexity theoretic accounting of memory utilization by learning machines. In our new model, memory is measured in bits as a function of the size of the input. There is a hierarchy of learnability based on increasing memory allotment. The lower bound results are proved using an unusual combination of pumping and mutual recursion theorem arguments. For technical reasons, it was necessary to consider two types of memory : long and sh…
An inductive inference approach to classification
1992
In this paper, we introduce a formal framework for investigating the relationship of inductive inference and the task of classification. We give the first results on the relationship between functions that can be identified in the limit and functions that can be acquired from unclassified objects only. Moreover, we present results on the complexity of classification functions and the preconditions necessary in order to allow the computation of such functions.
On the Influence of Technology on Learning Processes
2014
Probabilistic computations and frequency computations were invented for the same purpose, namely, to study possible advantages of technology involving random choices. Recently several authors have discovered close relationships of these generalizations of deterministic computations to computations taking advice. Various forms of computation taking advice were studied by Karp and Lipton [1], Damm and Holzer [2], and Freivalds [3]. In the present paper, we apply the nonconstructive, probabilistic, and frequency methods to an inductive inference paradigm originally due to Gold [4] and investigate their impact on the resulting learning models. Several trade-offs with respect to the resulting l…
Incorporating hypothetical knowledge into the process of inductive synthesis
1996
The problem of inductive inference of functions from hypothetical knowledge is investigated in this paper. This type of inductive inference could be regarded as a generalization of synthesis from examples that can be directed not only by input/output examples but also by knowledge of, e. g., functional description's syntactic structure or assumptions about the process of function evaluation. We show that synthesis of this kind is possible by efficiently enumerating the hypothesis space and illustrate it with several examples.
A Problem Structuring Method
1991
Given a formal definition of problem and a formal definition of system, the equivalence between both concepts is studied. Considering a problem as a 3-tuple , where D is the set of possible data, R is the set of possible results, and P the set of conditions of the problem, classes of problems are constructed as combinations of types of data, types of results and types of conditions. For example, data can be either literal or numerical, either with uncertainty or not; conditions can be determined by rules, tables, equations, it may have uncertainty, etc. As a case of application it is outlined how some of the most common problems (knowledge representation, search, reasoning and planning, etc…
Geometric and conceptual knowledge representation within a generative model of visual perception
1989
A representation scheme of knowledge at both the geometric and conceptual levels is offered which extends a generative theory of visual perception. According to this theory, the perception process proceeds through different scene representations at various levels of abstraction. The geometric domain is modeled following the CSG (constructive solid geometry) approach, taking advantage of the geometric modelling scheme proposed by A. Pentland, based on superquadrics as representation primitives. Recursive Boolean combinations and deformations are considered in order to enlarge the scope of the representation scheme and to allow for the construction of real-world scenes. In the conceptual doma…
Diagrammatic approach to cellular automata and the emergence of form with inner structure
2018
We present a diagrammatic method to build up sophisticated cellular automata (CAs) as models of complex physical systems. The diagrams complement the mathematical approach to CA modeling, whose details are also presented here, and allow CAs in rule space to be classified according to their hierarchy of layers. Since the method is valid for any discrete operator and only depends on the alphabet size, the resulting conclusions, of general validity, apply to CAs in any dimension or order in time, arbitrary neighborhood ranges and topology. We provide several examples of the method, illustrating how it can be applied to the mathematical modeling of the emergence of order out of disorder. Specif…