Search results for "Reasoning"
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Conclusions for Part II
2022
Human beings are animals endowed with a great curiosity. They continuously ask themselves how things are, where they come from, and where they go to. Questioning is at the origins of reasoning; and possibly, without the capability of self-questioning and guessing, neither directed thinking, nor reasoning, will exist. Their existence makes them a matter of study.
Conclusions for Part I
2022
Thanks to thinking, memory, and language, human beings can dedicate a non-minor part of their time to tell, themselves or the others, events, descriptions, true or imagined histories, etc. Part of the human conversation consists in telling, and most of the times reasoning starts from the self-telling of something.
An Overview of the Fuzzy Calculi
2022
What has been discussed up to now allows us to assume that the roots of fuzzy sets are in Language and, thus, that Fuzzy Logic deals with both Language and Commonsense Reasoning. Fuzzy Logic’s main goal is the representation of statements whose meaning is not precise, but it can as well capture the case in which statements are precise.
Looking for Some Historical Roots
2022
Knowledge comes from the observation that what surrounds us is provoked by the questions people poses when thinking on it; is reachecorrespondingd thanks to reasoning, and usually through establishing hypotheses and further testing them and their consequences against the reality. Speculation lays at the basic level of both ‘thinking on it’, and ‘establishing and testing hypotheses’.
Context, Inference’s Safety, Proving and Further Comments
2022
In no way does this Chap. 2 try to reach definitive conclusions. It is just a preliminary inquiry, containing no more than some initial reflections made basing Commonsense Reasoning on perception. Specifically, on the possibilities that measurable meaning and Indistinguishability Operators offer for its study. Human beings are slave of their senses that, usually, do not distinguish things below some threshold.
Trying to Pose the Main Problem: Measurable Meaning
2022
We have shown the necessity to reconsider the concept of ‘meaning’. In this framework ‘meaning’ should be a situational concept requiring to be bounded by specific definitions rendering it applicable to our needs. Membership functions should as well be seen as ‘measures’ of meaning, which would give them a meaning as well.
Introduction
2022
‘Natural Reasoning’, that with which lay people decide their daily actions, also called Ordinary, Everyday, or Commonsense Reasoning, can be seen as ruled by the universal laws defining its formal ‘skeleton’.
Examples on the Analysis of Statements Trough Design
2022
The first example concerns the analysis of two statements on which very few things are known, with the goal of establishing which one is truer, and what should be previously known in order to capture their respective meanings.
Reasoning and proving in Algebra. Examples from 8th grade school mathematics textbooks in Italy
2022
Some research studies concerning the didactics of Algebra discuss how learning to solve problems using symbolic algebraic language can be hard for students (Bohlmann et al., 2014; Palm, 2009). Students, in fact, have often difficulty to learn the ways in which the sym- bols should be manipulated to argue or to prove an assertion in order to reach a problem solu- tions. Although many studies conducted by mathematics educators discussed important contri- butions to this subject (e.g. Arzarello, Robutti & Bazzini, 2005; Boero, 2001; Carraher, Schliemann, Brizuela & Earnest, 2006; Lins & Kaput, 2004; Ursini & Trigueros, 2001), not many analysis were conducted on the role of the …
A phenomenological study about the effect of Covid-19 pandemic on teachers' use of teaching resources about reasoning & proving in mathematics
2022
If we study the history of societies, we can find several pandemic events such as smallpox, cholera, plague, and SARS [1, 2]. Each one of these pandemics events af fected human life in many aspects from health to the economic sphere [3], education is one of these aspects. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (Covid-19) has had a massive impact on Education: many students of different countries have been affected by school and university closures due to the Covid-19. Italy was the first Western coun try to suffer a coronavirus emergency