Search results for "Reasoning"

Graph

2020

A graph is any abstract object that consists of vertices and edges. This entry presents the main attributes of vertices and edges.

”Tämä ulkopoliittinen linja saattoi olla ratkaiseva niitti” : Historiallinen perusteleminen lukiolaisten teksteissä

2019

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan lukiolaisten historiallista päättelyä tutkivan historian oppimisen viikolla tuotettujen tekstien kautta. Viikon aikana opiskelijat selvittivät ratkaisematonta historiallista tapahtumaa juhannukselta 1957. Tuolloin tasavallan presidentin kesäasuntoa kohti ammuttiin laukauksia, joiden tehtävä oli joko pelotella tai murhata presidentti Urho Kekkonen. Kurssille osallistui 24 opiskelijaa, jotka toimivat seitsemässä ryhmässä analysoiden primääri- ja sekundäärilähteitä ja muodostaen näkemystään Kultarannan tapahtumiin. Aineisto on analysoitu teorialähtöisesti käyttäen Carla van Boxtelin ja Jannet van Drien historiallisen päättelyn kehikkoa. Tulostemme mukaan lukiolaiset …

Humanoid Cognitive Robots That Learn by Imitating: Implications for Consciousness Studies.

2018

While the concept of a conscious machine is intriguing, producing such a machine remains controversial and challenging. Here we describe how our work on creating a humanoid cognitive robot that learns to perform tasks via imitation learning relates to this issue. Our discussion is divided into three parts. First, we summarize our previously-detailed framework for advancing the understanding of the nature of phenomenal consciousness. This framework is based on identifying computational correlates of consciousness. Second, we describe a cognitive robotic system that we recently developed that learns to perform tasks by imitating human-provided demonstrations. This humanoid robot uses cause-ef…

Fuzzy Methods and Approximate Reasoning in Geographical Information Systems

2014

This issue has been dedicated to the usage of fuzzy logic in the context of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and were receveid the following papers whose contents are described below: - in the paper of A. Hofmann, S. Hoskova-Mayerova, and V. Talhofer, the authors use a GIS tool which is useful to study the influence of geographic and climatic factors on the terrain passability of armed forces and the Integrated Rescue System. - In the first paper of S. Sessa and F. Di Martino, the authors propose the usage of the well known Extended Gustafson-Kessel clustering method, encapsulated in a GIS tool, for detecting hotspots in spatial analysis. The data consist of geo-referenced patterns co…

‘What’s the Plan?’: On Interpretation and Meta-interpretation in Scott Shapiro’s Legality

2012

This chapter seeks to explain and evaluate Shapiro’s theory of legal interpretation, as it is outlined in his recent book ‘Legality’. More specifically, in the following I will try to provide (a) a reconstruction of Shapiro’s theory of legal interpretation, as it is developed in ‘Legality’; (b) an assessment of this theory of interpretation on its own terms (i.e. its internal coherence, its overall persuasiveness); and (c) an evaluation of the compatibility of this theory of legal interpretation with the general project of ‘law as plan’.

Some introductory remarks on legal interpretation and legal reasoning. A philosophical approach

2006

Prosocial reasoning and emotions in young offenders and non-offenders

2017

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the cognitive processes (prosocial moral reasoning, perspective taking) and emotional processes (empathic concern, emotional instability, state-trait anger) which interact in predicting aggressive behaviour and prosocial behaviour of adolescents who have committed a crime and those who have not, for the purpose of establishing the predictor variables in both groups. Participants were 440 adolescents, 220 of them young offenders residing in four youth detention centres in Valencia, in which they were serving court sentences (67.3% men and 32.7% women). The other 220 were enrolled in public and private schools within the metropolitan area of Valen…

The relationship between children‘s reading ability, verbal and fluid intelligence and measurements of eye movements during reading

2014

The aim of this study was to clarify, which of the following two measures: verbal intelligence or measurements of eye movements, is better predictor of reading ability. In addition, the study also investigated the relationships between reading ability, fluid intelligence and measurements of eye movements. Participants of the study (N = 28; mean age = 8.80; SD = .41; 54% boys) were assessed in reading with LMST-I Reading achievement test, verbal and fluid intelligence was measured using two scales – Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual reasoning – from Latvian edition of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition (WISC- IV, Latvian version), as well as eye tracking was made durin…

Comparison between statistical and fuzzy approaches for improving diagnostic decision making in patients with chronic nasal symptoms

2014

This paper compares a fuzzy model, expressed in rule-form, with a well known statistical approach (i.e. logistic regression model) for diagnostic decision making in patients with chronic nasal symptoms. The analyses were carried out using a database obtained from a questionnaire administered to 1359 patients with nasal symptoms containing personal data, clinical data and skin prick test (SPT) results. Both the fuzzy model and the logistic regression model developed were validated using a data set obtained from another medical institution. The accuracy of the two models in identifying patients with positive or negative SPT was similar. This study is a preliminary step to the creation of a so…

Knowledge translation from continuing education to physiotherapy practice in classifying patients with low back pain

2015

Physical therapists have used continuing education as a method of improving their skills in conducting clinical examination of patients with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the pathoanatomical classification of patients in acute or subacute LBP can be learned and applied through a continuing education format. The patients were seen in a direct access setting.The study was carried out in a large health-care center in Finland. The analysis included a total of 57 patient evaluations generated by six physical therapists on patients with LBP. We analyzed the consistency and level of agreement of the six physiotherapists' (PTs) diagnostic decisions, who par…