Search results for "Rectal Cancer"
showing 10 items of 978 documents
Improving uptake of screening for colorectal cancer: a study on invitation strategies and different test kit use
2015
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the uptake of mail-delivered tests for colorectal cancer screening. We assessed the effect of an advance notification letter and a reminder letter, and analysed the proportion of inappropriately handled tests. Materials and methods Fifteen thousand randomly selected residents of Latvia aged 50–74 years were allocated to receive one of three different test systems: either a guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) or one of two laboratory-based immunochemical tests (FIT) – FOB Gold or OC-Sensor. Half of the target population received an advance notification letter; all nonresponders were sent a reminder letter. Results The uptake of screening was…
Cancer Stem Cell Biomarkers Predictive of Radiotherapy Response in Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
2021
Background: Rectal cancer (RC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and particularly challenging tumours to treat due to its location in the pelvis and close proximity to critical genitourinary organs. Radiotherapy (RT) is recognised as a key component of therapeutic strategy to treat RC, promoting the downsizing and downstaging of large RCs in neoadjuvant settings, although its therapeutic effect is limited due to radioresistance. Evidence from experimental and clinical studies indicates that the likelihood of achieving local tumour control by RT depends on the complete eradication of cancer stem cells (CSC), a minority subset of tumour cells with stemness properties. Methods: A systemati…
Analysis of KRAS/NRAS mutations in a phase III study of panitumumab with FOLFIRI compared with FOLFIRI alone as second-line treatment for metastatic …
2015
Abstract Purpose: We evaluated the influence of RAS mutation status on the treatment effect of panitumumab in a prospective–retrospective analysis of a randomized, multicenter phase III study of panitumumab plus fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) versus FOLFIRI alone as second-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT0039183). Experimental Design: Outcomes were from the study's primary analysis. RAS mutations beyond KRAS exon 2 (KRAS exons 3, 4; NRAS exons 2, 3, 4; BRAF exon 15) were detected by bidirectional Sanger sequencing in wild-type KRAS exon 2 tumor specimens. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) we…
Heterogeneity of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer and potential effects on therapy in the CAPRI GOIM trial
2015
Background: Evidence suggests that metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC) has a high level of intratumor heterogeneity. We carried out a quantitative assessment of tumor heterogeneity for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, in order to assess potential clinical implications. Patients and methods: Tumor samples (n = 182) from the CAPRI-GOIM trial of first-line cetuximab + FOLFIRI in KRAS exon-2 wild-type mCRC patients were assessed by next-generation sequencing that allows quantitative assessment of mutant genes. Mutant allelic frequency was normalized for the neoplastic cell content and, assuming that somatic mutations usually affect one allele, the Heterogeneity Score (HS) was calculate…
Impact of Baseline Covariates and Prior Therapy on the Efficacy of Second-Line Panitumumab (Pmab) + Folfiri Vs Folfiri Treatment
2014
ABSTRACT Aim: Expanding RAS analyses beyond KRAS exon 2 is important in selecting patients (pts) for pmab treatment. Here we present prespecified subgroup analyses from a phase 3 randomised second-line pmab + FOLFIRI vs FOLFIRI study in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) pts. Methods: Progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were co-primary endpoints. KRAS exon 2 wild-type (WT) samples were tested for mutations in KRAS exons 3/4, NRAS exons 2/3/4 and BRAF exon 15 via bidirectional Sanger sequencing and WAVE-based SURVEYOR®. PFS and OS subgroup analyses were performed by randomisation stratification factors (ECOG performance status [PS], prior bevacizumab [bev]/prior oxaliplatin [ox…
New findings on primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: Do all roads lead to RAS?
2015
Abstract: Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy with the monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab is the main targeted treatment to combine with standard chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Many clinical studies have shown the benefit of the addition of these agents for patients without mutations in the EGFR pathway. Many biomarkers, including KRAS and NRAS mutations, BRAF mutations, PIK3CA mutations, PTEN loss, AREG and EREG expression, and HER-2 amplification have already been identified to select responders to anti-EGFR agents. Among these alterations KRAS and NRAS mutations are currently recognized as the best predictive factors for primary resistance. Liquid b…
Tumour Shrinkage and Response Outcomes During Second-Line Panitumumab (Pmab) + Folfiri Vs Folfiri Treatment
2014
ABSTRACT Aim: Tumour shrinkage/response are important outcomes for patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as they may delay progression and ultimately improve survival. Here we report tumour response data for pts with RAS WT mCRC treated with FOLFIRI ± pmab. Methods: 181 was a phase 3 randomised study of second-line pmab + FOLFIRI vs FOLFIRI alone in pts with previously treated mCRC. KRAS exon 2 wild-type (WT) samples from this study were tested for mutations in KRAS exons 3/4 and NRAS exons 2/3/4 via bidirectional Sanger sequencing and WAVE-based SURVEYOR® to identify pts with RAS WT tumours (no mutations in KRAS/NRAS exons 2, 3 or 4). Objective response rates (ORRs) and m…
KRAS/NRAS and BRAF Mutations in the 20050181 Study of Panitumumab + FOLFIRI for the 2ND-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Updated Analy…
2014
Update on capecitabine alone and in combination regimens in colorectal cancer patients
2010
Capecitabine is an orally administered fluoropyrimidine carbamate which has been developed as a prodrug of 5-FU with the goal to improve its tolerability and intratumoral drug concentration. The review aims to provide an evidence-based update of clinical trials investigating the clinical efficacy, adverse-event profile, dosage and administration of this drug, alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics and/or new target-oriented drugs, in the management of colorectal cancer patients. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.