Search results for "Reductionism"
showing 10 items of 25 documents
¿Conduce la neurociencia a una naturalización del deontologismo? «Juicios morales deontológicos» en perspectiva neuroética
2017
A tenor de las investigaciones en el campo de la neuroética y más en concreto en la teoría del proceso dual del juicio moral en autores como Joshua Greene, nos planteamos la cuestión de si la neurociencia conduce necesariamente a una «naturalización del deontologismo». De este modo en nuestra comunicación ponemos en cuestión un modo de hacer neurociencia que pretenda reducir el deontologismo a un tipo de respuesta exclusivamente emocional. Frente a este modelo planteamos otra forma de hacer «neuroética» donde se consideren las estructuras psicofísicas de la moralidad sin incurrir en el reduccionismo miope naturalista. Se trata, por lo tanto, de descubrir la neurociencia de la ética, esto es…
Tinkering and Evolution
2015
Jacob is one of the fathers of modern Biology, and in his monumental work The Logic of Life he recounts the polarity that has always existed in biological science between analytical and synthetic traditions, between reductionism and holism . Interestingly, however, although he is a model example of the reductionist tradition and one of the fathers of Molecular Biology, Jacob does not rule out the possibility of emergent properties.
Effects of complex movements on the brain as a result of increased decision-making
2019
Non-linearity is considered to be an essential property of complex systems. The associated high sensitivity of the result on the constraints leads to fundamental problems of a system description based on variables selected in the reductionist tradition. The attempt to compensate the problems by averaging data leads to the neglect of the individual and the moment. However, both is of enormous importance for effective therapy, training, and learning. The theory of differential learning suggests an alternative approach to dealing with these problems. With constantly changing complex whole-body movements, extensive decisions are demanded from the learner, which lead to brain states through an o…
Soul and Body According to “De Fide Orthodoxa” of St. John Damascene
2017
The Christian and particularly the Orthodox understanding of belief sometimes might be seen as a matter of the soul and not a matter of the body. Based on such an understanding the binomial “creditions – neuronal processes” would not have any significance for an Orthodox anthropology. But such an understanding can be marked as reductionist regarding the broader conceptions that we can find in the positions of the Fathers. In this contribution, some aspects of the comprehensive anthropological understanding of humans and their relation to God will be presented as it is conceived in the famous synthesis of patristic thought, De Fide Orthodoxa, written by St. John Damascene (~ 650–before 755).
Lie Detection: Remarks From Neuroethics
2016
El presente trabajo aborda los aspectos bioéticos derivados de los ya no tan recientes avances en Neurociencia cognitiva; especialmente las implicaciones que la introducción de las pruebas neurocientíficas en el proceso judicial penal, como la conocida técnica de detección de mentiras (prueba P.300) pueden acarrear. Como seguidamente veremos, el creciente desarrollo de la neuroimagen ha avivado la inquietud por la protección de la autonomía individual, la seguridad y la superación de interpretaciones reduccionistas contrarias a la dignidad de las personas. Cuestiones a las que están prestando atención los estudios de neuroética, los cuales, aunque empezaron su recorrido a finales de la déca…
Goethe's dream
2009
The German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) defined living organisms as objects with an intrinsic purpose, which are self‐organized in such a way that every part is a function of the whole and the whole is a function of every part, and in which “nothing is for nothing”. Kant already anticipated the tension between agency and structure, and between forward and backward causation. He also perceived living beings as entities that, being extremely complex, are not amenable to descriptions based on laws that are similar to the fundamental laws of physics: “There will never be a Newton of a grass blade,” he wrote. Less metaphorically, Kant believed that science would not be able to understan…
Orchesting Inclusive Evaluation in Schools. Where We Could Start?
2019
Es cierto que en los últimos años se ha avanzado bastante en un discurso de la inclusividad potente y fundamentado, pero las prácticas siguen la inercia de una evaluación que parte de que todos los estudiantes son iguales. Se sigue arrastrando una cultura evaluativa asentada en que el aprendizaje está al servicio de la evaluación y la enseñanza termina subordinada a esta última. Una cultura reduccionista y calificadora muy arraigada, resistente al cambio y que cuesta mucho de reconstruir y transformar hacia una evaluación para la inclusión. En teoría hemos pasado de una evaluación centrada en la comprobación del saber, la certificación, el control, la calificación, etc. y en la que todos lo…
2017
The present study is a first attempt to experimentally test the impact of two specific social factors, namely social conformity pressure and a sense of being watched, on participants' judgments of the artistic quality of aesthetic objects. We manipulated conformity pressure with a test form in which a photograph of each stimulus was presented together with unanimously low (downward pressure) or high quality ratings (upward pressure) of three would-be previous raters. Participants' sense of being watched was manipulated by testing each of them in two settings, one of which contained an eyespots stimulus. Both social factors significantly affected the participants' judgments-unexpectedly, how…
Regulation of Endurance Performance: New Frontiers
2017
Successful endurance performance requires the integration of multiple physiological and psychological systems, working together to regulate exercise intensity in a way that will reduce time taken or increase work done. The systems that ultimately limit performance of the task are hotly contested, and may depend on a variety of factors including the type of task, the environment, external influences, training status of the individual and a host of psychological constructs. These factors can be studied in isolation, or inclusively as a whole-body or integrative system. A reductionist approach has traditionally been favoured, leading to a greater understanding and emphasis on muscle and cardio…