Search results for "Reference"

showing 10 items of 2491 documents

Lead-Lag-Shaped Interactive Force Estimation by Equivalent Output Injection of Sliding-Mode

2020

Estimation of interactive forces, which are mostly unavailable for direct measurement on the interface between a system and its environment, is an essential task in various motion control applications. This paper proposes an interactive force estimation method, based on the well-known equivalent output injection of the second-order sliding mode. The equivalent output injection is used to obtain a frequency-unshaped quantity that appears as a matched external disturbance and encompasses the interactive forces. Afterwards, a universal lead-lag shaper, depending on dynamics of the motion control system coupled with its environment, is used to extract an interactive force quantity. Once identif…

Hydraulic cylinderReference measurementComputer scienceRobustness (computer science)Control theoryFrequency domainFOS: Electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringSystems and Control (eess.SY)Motion controlLead–lag compensatorSystem structureElectrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and ControlDynamic load testing

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Sexual selection in the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata: female preference for drum duration and pulse rate

2002

The unusual form of sexual signaling, the drumming produced by the wolf spider Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata, allows exceptionally detailed studies of female preference patterns against signal characteristics. It is easy to manipulate the signals and to use large numbers of females in playback experiments. Males of H. rubrofasciata produce drums by striking their abdomen against dry leaves on the ground. Drums travel not only as substrate-borne vibrations, but also as airborne acoustic signals. Females respond sooner to drums transferred as substrate borne, but the mode of signal transfer has no effect on female preference for different types of drums. We investigated the effects of two key com…

Hygrolycosa rubrofasciatabiologyWolf spiderSupernormal stimulusZoologyAnatomyDrumbiology.organism_classificationPreferenceMate choiceDuration (music)Sexual selectionAnimal Science and ZoologyEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsBehavioral Ecology

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Biochemical, morphological, and functional aspects of systemic and local vitamin A deficiency in the respiratory tract.

1992

HyperplasiaMucous Membranebusiness.industryVitamin A DeficiencyGeneral NeuroscienceGuinea PigsRespiratory SystemVital CapacityPhysiologymedicine.diseaseGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyVitamin A deficiencymedicine.anatomical_structureHistory and Philosophy of ScienceReference ValuesForced Expiratory VolumeMedicineAnimalsHumansCiliabusinessVitamin ARespiratory tractAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Reference tracking control of hypersonic vehicles using switched linear parameter-varying approach

2013

This paper is concerned with the control problem of the air-breathing hypersonic vehicle using switched linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems approach. By linearizing the nonlinear model of the hypersonic vehicle at trim points and dividing the velocity scope into several partitions, a switched LPV model for the underlying systems is derived. With aid of multiple Lyapunov-like functions technique, the controllers ensuring the tracking of given commands of the closed-loop system are designed under the mode-independent and mode-dependent switching logics, respectively. Simulation results for the hypersonic vehicle show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the advantages of the mode-d…

Hypersonic speedEngineeringbusiness.industrylinearisation techniquesControl (management)Hypersonic vehicleControl engineeringTracking (particle physics)time-varying systemsTrimaircraft controlControl theoryComputer Science::Systems and ControlNonlinear modelReference trackingcontrol system synthesisbusinessLyapunov methodsclosed loop systems

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Selection of suitable housekeeping genes for expression analysis in glioblastoma using quantitative RT-PCR

2009

Abstract Background Considering the broad variation in the expression of housekeeping genes among tissues and experimental situations, studies using quantitative RT-PCR require strict definition of adequate endogenous controls. For glioblastoma, the most common type of tumor in the central nervous system, there was no previous report regarding this issue. Results Here we show that amongst seven frequently used housekeeping genes TBP and HPRT1 are adequate references for glioblastoma gene expression analysis. Evaluation of the expression levels of 12 target genes utilizing different endogenous controls revealed that the normalization method applied might introduce errors in the estimation of…

Hypoxanthine PhosphoribosyltransferaseCell typeLung Neoplasmslcsh:QH426-470Journal ClubCellGene ExpressionComputational biologyBiologyBioinformaticsModels BiologicalVariable ExpressionReference genesExpression analysisGene expressionmedicineHumansStudent’s Sectionlcsh:QH573-671Molecular BiologyGeneSelection (genetic algorithm)GeneticsRegulation of gene expressionGenes Essentiallcsh:CytologyBrain NeoplasmsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionMethodology ArticleGeneral NeuroscienceReference StandardsTATA-Box Binding Proteinmedicine.diseaseHousekeeping geneDNA-Binding ProteinsGene Expression Regulation Neoplasticlcsh:GeneticsNEOPLASIAS DO SISTEMA NERVOSOReal-time polymerase chain reactionmedicine.anatomical_structureGlioblastomaGlioblastomaAnnals of Neurosciences

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Recognition and Support of ICCAs in Italy

2012

The concept of ICCA was introduced and first discussed in Italy during two workshops held in 2004 and 2005. The notion very well fits the tradition domestically known in terms of common properties (CPs) and ‘civic uses’ lands (proprietà colletive e demani civici), a category referring to lands and the natural resources used in common by a community. They include a diversity of governance solutions derived from their different historical recognition. CPs and civic uses lands in Italy achieved recognition under agricultural law and were particularly associated to the agro-forestry and pastoral sector. They have been subject to regulations of restrictions on change of land use and protected by…