Search results for "Reference"

A MODEL FOR VESTIBULAR FUNCTION IN ALTERED GRAVITATIONAL STATES

1979

ABSTRACT During evolution, the vestibular organ was made to serve mainly two purposes: 1) to guide eye movements during sharp turns, so that the point of fixation in the visual field can be kept steady, a function accomplished by the semicircular canal system and 2) to indicate the terrestrial vertical, so that upright posture and gait can be maintained even in the dark. The otolith system serves the latter purpose. Since the function of the semicircular canal system does not depend on gravity, it is not grossly disturbed by gravitational levels different from 1 g . The proper function of the otolith system depends entirely on the presence of a gravitational force vector of 9.8/m/sec2 direc…

Responses to eccentric rotation in two space-bound subjects

1993

Two subjects were rotated eccentrically in the manner described previously. In contrast to a normal control group, settings of a luminous line to the subjective vertical were almost unrelated to the gravitoinertial vector before, and totally so shortly after, space flight. Only 3 days postflight did a clear relation to the gravitoinertial vector re-establish itself in the one subject who actually flew. The correspondence became normal 5 days after the flight. Since there were no clinical abnormalities evident in the subjects, it is suggested that both subjects suppressed their vestibular information, presumably as an effect of vestibular deconditioning training before the flight. In additio…

From the Field to the Laboratory: Quantifying Outdoor Mosquito Landing Rate to Better Evaluate Topical Repellents.

2021

Abstract Vector-borne diseases are a worldwide threat to human health. Often, no vaccines or treatments exist. Thus, personal protection products play an essential role in limiting transmission. The World Health Organization (WHO) arm-in-cage (AIC) test is the most common method for evaluating the efficacy of topical repellents, but it remains unclear whether AIC testing conditions recreate the mosquito landing rates in the field. This study aimed to estimate the landing rate outdoors, in an area of Europe highly infested with the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894, Diptera: Culididae)), and to determine how to replicate this rate in the laboratory. To assess the landing ra…

Endoscopic Anatomy of the Ventricles

1994

The endoscopic view offers a new anatomical dimension to the neurosurgeon. The fact makes it basically necessary to study the topographic anatomy under endoscopic conditions. In this paper attention was drawn to the ventricles because they are the most common region of clinical application. In 25 specimens neuroendoscopic explorations of the ventricles have been done. The dissections have been carried out through one- and two burr hole approaches (two working endoscopes at the same time). The instrumentation includes rigid 4 mm and 6 mm endoscopes. The procedures have been documented by continuous video recording and parallel photography.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems And Services

2008

This chapter introduces the concept of Satellite Navigation in the context of space infrastructures and technologies that can contribute for improvement of life on Earth. It includes a review of the motivations for developing a satellite navigation system, and the applications and services these systems have in daily life. Furthermore, currently existing Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GPS and GLONASS) and other GNSS systems under development (GALILEO) are described from different perspectives: from the technical and architectural aspects to the ways chosen to finance their development and operations. To round up this chapter, an analysis of the expected trends in GNSS systems is prese…

Le paysage, entre esthétique & écologie : modélisation rétrospective à partir de changements d'occupation du sol

2016

Landscape is both a backdrop to the lives of human populations and a medium for the life cycle of animal species. Landscape changes induced by land-use and land-cover dynamics affect both these dimensions, the one aesthetic, and the other ecological. Because these rationales areusually studied within different disciplines, little research has been done into how the two clashor combine as and when landscape structures change. This work seeks therefore to model the spatial co-evolution of the aesthetic and ecological functions of landscape retrospectively usingspatial metrics based on land-cover data. It focuses on changes in the urban fringes of two French cities (Paris and Besançon) over th…

Task-based visual analytics for interactive multiobjective optimization

2020

We study how visual interaction techniques considered in visual analytics can be utilized when implementing interactive multiobjective optimization methods, where a decision maker iteratively participates in the solution process. We want to benefit from previous research and avoid re-inventing ideas. Our aim is to widen awareness and increase the applicability of interactive methods for solving real-world problems. As a concrete approach, we introduce seven high-level tasks that are relevant for interactive methods. These high-level tasks are based on low-level tasks proposed in the visual analytics literature. In addition, we give an example on how the high-level tasks can be implemented a…

Assessment of Vitamin B6 Intake in Relation to Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

2018

Analysis of dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy in lactating women : a multicentre European cohort (ATLAS study)

2021

Abstract Eating habits of lactating women can influence the nutrient composition of human milk, which in turn influences nutrient intake of breastfed infants. The aim of the present study was to identify food patterns and nutritional adequacy among lactating women in Europe. Data from a multicentre European longitudinal cohort (ATLAS study) were analysed to identify dietary patterns using cluster analysis. Dietary information from 180 lactating women was obtained using 3-d food diaries over the first 4 months of lactation. Four dietary patterns were identified: ‘vege-oils’, ‘fish-poultry’, ‘confectionery-salads’ and ‘mixed dishes’. Nutrition adequacy was not significantly different between …

Nutrient intakes of children aged 1-2 years as a function of milk consumption, cows' milk or growing-up milk.

2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets in early childhood as a function of milk intake, cows’ milk (CM) or growing-up milk (GUM).DesignFrom a cross-sectional food consumption survey, two groups of children aged 1–2 years were defined: Group CM fed exclusively on CM ≥ 250 ml/d and Group GUM fed on GUM ≥ 250 ml/d. Proportions of children at risk of nutrient excess or insufficiency were estimated relative to the French Recommended Daily Allowances, Estimated Average Requirements or Adequate Intakes.SettingParents participating in the survey were recruited from all regions of France by a polling organization. Distribution was adjusted to that of the French population.Sub…