Search results for "Refining"
showing 10 items of 27 documents
Highly-Efficient Release of Ferulic Acid from Agro-Industrial By-Products via Enzymatic Hydrolysis with Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes: Part I–The Super…
2021
Historically Triticum aestívum L. and Secale cereále L. are widely used in the production of bakery products. From the total volume of grain cultivated, roughly 85% is used for the manufacturing of flour, while the remaining part is discarded or utilized rather inefficiently. The limited value attached to bran is associated with their structural complexity, i.e., the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which makes this material suitable mostly as a feed supplement, while in food production its use presents a challenge. To valorize these materials to food and pharmaceutical applications, additional pre-treatment is required. In the present study, an effective, sustainable, and …
Hot-water extraction of Miscanthus × giganteus prior to soda-AQ pulping: a biorefining perspective
2018
Agricultural residues, such as giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus, a hybrid of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus), show a great potential for use in lignocellulosic biorefiner...
Effect of Seasonal Storage on Single-Stem Bark Extractives of Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
2021
Increasing the net value of forestry side-streams has both ecological as well as economic benefits for emerging biorefining industries. Spruce bark represents one of the nature’s abundant sources of valuable extractives. In this study, the impact of storage on the quality and quantity of Norway spruce (Picea abies) extractives was examined as a function of storage time, environmental conditions and season (i.e., winter or summer). The bark from stored spruce saw logs was extracted with an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) at 120 °C with hexane and water. The produced extracts were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC-FID) and…
Chemometric Study on Alkaline Pre-treatments of Wood Chips Prior to Pulping
2016
Alkaline pre-treatments were performed for the production of organics-containing effluents from silver/white birch (Betula pendula/pubescens) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) chips prior to chemical pulping. Pre-treatment conditions were varied with respect to time (from 30 min to 120 min), temperature (130 °C and 150 °C), and alkali charge (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8% of NaOH on oven-dried wood). The analytical data (total content, weight average molar mass, and molar mass distribution) on dissolved lignin were subjected to principal component analysis to examine the relationship between molar mass and molar mass distributions in lignin removed from different wood species under varying alkaline…
Chemical characterization of okra stalk (Abelmoschus esculentus) as potential raw material for biorefinery utilization
2018
In the present work, okra stalk (Abelmoschus esculentus) was chemically characterized to evaluate its appropriate exploitation as a biorefinery feedstock. The chemical composition of this renewable lignocellulosic material yielding maximum up to 120 tons per hectare was primarily determined by methods of wood chemical analysis. In terms of its main organic constituents, its dry matter contained 65.0% carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicelluloses and other polysaccharides), 20.5% lignin and 5.0% extractives. In addition, thermogravimetric analyses revealed that the content of proteins and inorganics was 6.6 and 3.3% of the dry matter, respectively. Among the inorganic elements determined by induc…
Fixed‐Bed Removal of Free and Complexed Ni from Synthetic and Industrial Aqueous Solutions
2008
Abstract This paper evaluates the application of several biosorbents for Ni removal from aqueous solutions in the absence and in the presence of EDTA. Fixed bed experiments were performed (Ni influent concentration, 2 mg dm−3; EDTA doses, 0, 5, and 10 mg dm−3; pH=7) to study the process feasibility as refining after conventional physicochemical treatment. In absence of EDTA, uptake capacity followed the order peat > Posidonia oceanica > chitosan > chitin ≫ Scharlau AC. Maximum uptakes of 8.95 mg g−1 and 5.10 mg g−1 were found for peat and Posidonia oceanica, respectively. In the presence of EDTA, removal capacity decreased for all biosorbents; Ni was detected in the effluent from the beginn…
Practice of diesel fuel blends using alternative fuels: A review
2016
Abstract In order to meet the growing global energy requirement, exhaustive research is carried to develop and to use variety of renewable fuels. Concerns on the long-term availability of petroleum diesel and the stringent environmental norms have mandated the search for a renewable alternative to diesel fuel to address these problems. Diesel engines have proven their utility in the transportation, agriculture, and power sectors for small energy needs as a potential source of decentralized energy generation for electrification. Mixing of diesel fuel with biodiesel has been considered as good alternative to diesel in the past couple of years. The objective of the present study is to compare …
Refining a Reference Architecture for Model-Driven Business Apps
2016
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Industrial Dynamics Involving Electrochemical Processes
1985
Many industrial activities are based on electrochemical technologies, and several other receive from electrochemical methodologies useful or even decisive contributions for their development. There are important electrochemical industries in the fields of inorganic and organic chemical production, the treatment of metals, such as extraction, refining, finishing and processing, and the production of the various battery systems. Furthermore some electrochemical technologies are dependent on, and integrated with other industrial activities, and are related to corrosion control, water treatments, and environmental protection. Like physicians with their patients, these last applications have a p…
PURIFICATION OF HARDWOOD-DERIVED AUTOHYDROLYSATES
2012
Carbohydrate-containing hydrolysates (1.1 to 14.9% of wood dry matter) obtained from autohydrolysis (at 130 to 150°C for 30 to 120 minutes) of birch (Betula pendula) chips prior to pulping were purified with respect to non-carbohydrate materials, without carbohydrate losses, either by ethyl acetate extraction or XAD-4 resin treatment. In the former case, about 50% of lignin and practically all the furanoic compounds (2-furaldehyde and 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural) could be removed, whereas in the latter case, the corresponding amounts were about 30% and 50 to 90%, respectively. A partial recovery of various unsaturated impurities is of importance, because they may act as inhibitors when bioche…