Search results for "Reform"
showing 10 items of 691 documents
The impact of economic, social and political factors on the landscape structure of the Vidzeme Uplands in Latvia
2005
Abstract Changes in landscape structure in a typical part of the Vidzeme Uplands in central Latvia during the 20th century are analysed and anticipated changes in the 21st century are projected. Forest areas gradually increased in the Vidzeme Uplands over the course of the 20th century. This increase was associated with several factors: the economic policy in Latvia during the 1930s, the exile of farmers in 1940 and 1949 after the Soviet occupation of Latvia, the aggregation of land into collective farms, the amalgamation of small collective farms, the formation of large-scale Soviet collective farms, and widespread land melioration. Since land reform in the 1990s, following the restoration…
EARLY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEBATES REVISITED
2007
Development economics in its early years created the image of a fierce fight between advocates of contrasting theories or approaches—“balanced growth” vs. “unbalanced growth,” or “program loans” vs. “project loans.” This view has the merit of highlighting such conflicts in great detail; yet, it fails to take into account the reality of development economics as it was practiced in the field. This paper reassesses these old conflicts by complementing the traditional focus on theoretical debates with an emphasis on the practice of development economics.A particularly interesting example is the debate between Albert Hirschman, one of the fathers of the “unbalanced growth” approach, and Lauchlin…
Two Decades of Change in Spanish Higher Education
1999
The 1983 Reforms The current structure of higher education was established by the 1983 University Reform Act, which greatly revised the legal framework of Spanish universities. Formerly completely controlled by the central government, universities have gained in autonomy and now depend more on regional governments. The legal reforms also democratized the internal structure of universities. Power was transferred from the state bureaucracy to university-level governing bodies, including nonacademic staff and students, that have decision-making powers in matters concerning the institution and departments and in electing the rector, deans, and department heads.
How do educational reforms change the share of students in special education? Trends in special education in Finland
2019
Recent European and global trends in education have been to promote inclusive education and expand education, resulting in the increased provision of special education. In promoting inclusive education, recent special education reforms have also aimed to curtail the rise in identification rates for students in special education, for example, by focusing more on early support and discontinuing fiscal incentives to identify students with special educational needs. Using official special education statistics, we studied how Finland’s special education system reforms changed the share of students in special education. In addition, we examined variations in special education provisions among mu…
Neoliberalism, curriculum development and manifestations of ‘creativity’
2015
There is a manifest tendency for national education policy to follow global economic trends. In many western industrialized countries this relationship has intensified or strengthened within the last decades. The strengthening of this relationship has been seen, among other things, as evidence of the growing power of neoliberal ideology. The background reference for this article is the emergence of a neoliberal education policy ideology in the two creativity related strategies implemented by the Finnish government during the first decade of the 21st century. The main focus of the study was the concept of creativity, for it has appeared to be the prevailing trend within the Finnish basic edu…
Policy Alienation in Frontline Social Work – A Study of Social Workers’ Responses to a Major Anticipated Social and Health Care Reform in Finland
2021
Change in the policy and ideology governing social and health care has been much debated in the Western welfare states, including in Finland, where the public sector has witnessed a shift towards a market and managerial ideology in a climate of austerity. These changes affect organisations as well as individual workers. Social workers implement social policies in their daily work, and are thus positioned in between policies and clients. This may expose them to feelings of unease in the implementation of certain policies. In this study, we apply the policy alienation framework of Tummers and colleagues (2009. “Policy Alienation of Public Professionals: Application in a new Public Management …
Developement of the Centers of Vocational Education in Latvia
2015
The purpose of this study was to find impact factors and results of stuctural reforms of vocational education in Latvia. The objective was to find that during 4 years period reforms started as planned, but did not continued planned way. It may impact vocational education of Latvia in future. This study used analysis of 12 documents impacting reforms. One of basic results is creating Centers of Competence of vocational education. Findings are focused on creating factors and results of these centers. Author shows purposes and criterias of reforms, development on time axis, and results and impact factors of creation of the Centers of Vocational Education, gives suggestions for further reforms.
Humanities and Social Sciences: Latvia, Vol. 22, Issue 1
2014
ILONA BAUMANE-VITOLINA. Conceptualising the Resource Based View for Innovation Research and Measurment in Small and Medium Enterprises ; VIESTURS PAULS KARNUPS. Latvian and Turkish Economic Relations 1918-1940 ; GREGORY OLEVSKY. Functioning of Latvian manufacturing: up the stairs Which Lead Down ; LEONARDO PATACCINI, ELENA KINZHEBAEVA. Structural Reforms in Emerging Economies: Argentina and Russia through the Latvian Mirror ; INESE KALNIŅA. The Council of Europe and the Protection of National Minorities
How efficient is maize production among smallholder farmers in Zimbabwe? A comparison of semiparametric and parametric frontier efficiency analyses
2018
The controversial Fast Track Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe that redistributes commercially-owned farmland to smallholder households has caused concerns about the efficiency of agricultural prod...
Tax Evasion and Tax Progressivity
2003
In a pure tax evasion framework in which the monetary penalty is a function of the evaded tax, more progressive income taxes will reduce tax evasion if income has to be declared. However, if tax payments have to be declared, higher tax progressivity will have no effects. Thus, the relationship between tax evasion and tax progressivity depends on whether income or taxes have to be divulged to tax authorities. If the fine is a function of undeclared income, higher tax progressivity will always raise evasion.