Search results for "Refraction"

showing 10 items of 200 documents

Imaging Quality of Bifocal Piggyback Intraocular Lens versus ReSTOR and TECNIS Multifocal Lenses

2009

Purpose The imaging quality provided by a piggyback integrated by a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) + a bifocal IOL of zero power and +3.75 diopters of addition is compared with the optics quality of a simple multifocal IOL of the same power and addition. Methods The imaging quality was evaluated by determining the modulation transfer function (MTF), using an artificial eye simulating in vivo conditions of the anterior chamber, including an artificial cornea and a wet cell containing physiologic solution where the IOL was positioned. The MTFs of the bifocal piggyback for near and distance vision were measured, with pupil diameters of 3 and 5 mm, and compared with the MTFs of an equivalent …

Artificial corneaOptics and Photonicsmedicine.medical_specialtybusiness.product_categoryMaterials sciencemedicine.medical_treatmentVisual AcuityIntraocular lensEyeRefraction OcularPupil03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineOptical transfer functionOphthalmologymedicineHumansMultifocal lensesDioptreLenses IntraocularDepth PerceptionStrehl ratioGeneral MedicineModels TheoreticalOphthalmologyImaging quality030221 ophthalmology & optometryArtificial Organsbusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryEuropean Journal of Ophthalmology
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Mu-tau neutrino refraction and collective three-flavor transformations in supernovae

2008

9 pages, 6 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 14.60.Pq; 97.60.Bw.-- ArXiv pre-print available at: http://arxiv.org/abs/0712.1137

AstrofísicaHistoryNuclear and High Energy PhysicsParticle physicsPhysics::Instrumentation and Detectors[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]FlavourFOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysicsAstrophysics01 natural sciencesPartícules (Física nuclear)Education[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)Tau neutrino0103 physical sciencesRefraction (sound)010306 general physicsNeutrino oscillationPhysicsMuon010308 nuclear & particles physicsAstrophysics (astro-ph)High Energy Physics::PhenomenologySolar neutrino problemComputer Science ApplicationsSupernovaHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenology[PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph]Measurements of neutrino speedHigh Energy Physics::ExperimentNeutrinoElectron neutrino
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Approximation for the absorption coefficient of airborne atmospheric aerosol particles in terms of measurable bulk properties

1977

The absorption coefficient of airborne atmospheric aerosol particles can be approximated by where λ is the wavelength of radiation, n — ik is the mean complex refractive index, ρ the mean bulk density, and M / V k the mass of the particles per unit volume of air. This approximation gives good results at relative humidities between 0 and 0.95 for the wavelengths of radiation between 0.55 μm and 2.0 μm and between 9.25 μm and 12.0 μm. Basing on this approximation it is possible to determine the single scattering albedo of airborne atmospheric aerosol particles with known measuring techniques. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1977.tb00711.x

Atmospheric ScienceMaterials science010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesSingle-scattering albedobusiness.industryMie scatteringAnalytical chemistryGeneral MedicineRadiationOceanography01 natural sciencesAerosolWavelengthOpticsAttenuation coefficientAbsorptanceAtmospheric refractionbusiness0105 earth and related environmental sciencesTellus A
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Single-Polarization Double Refraction in Plasmonic Crystals: Considerations on Energy Flow

2014

We examined the optical properties of nanolayered metal-dielectric lattices. At subwavelength regimes, the periodic array of metallic nanofilms demonstrates nonlocality-induced double refraction, conventional positive and as well as negative. In particular, we report on energy-flow considerations concerning both refractive behaviors concurrently. Numerical simulations provide transmittance of individual beams in Ag-TiO2 metamaterials under different configurations. In regimes of the effective-medium theory predicting elliptic dispersion, negative refraction may be stronger than the expected positive refraction. This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness …

BirefringenceMaterials sciencebusiness.industrySurface plasmonSurface PlasmonsMetamaterialPhysics::OpticsGeneral MedicineRefractionSubwavelength StructuresOpticsNegative refractionDispersion (optics)TransmittanceWave PropagationbusinessPlasmonÓptica
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Heritability of refractive astigmatism: a population-based twin study among 63- to 75-year-old female twins.

2013

PURPOSE: To examine the heritability of refractive astigmatism in older women. METHODS: Astigmatism was measured with an autorefractor in 88 monozygotic and 82 dizygotic female twin pairs aged 63 to 75 years. The prevalence and distribution of astigmatism and polar values J0 and J45 were estimated by standard statistical methods. Bivariate maximum likelihood model fitting was used to estimate genetic and environmental variance components using information from both eyes. RESULTS: Mean astigmatism of the more astigmatic eye was 0.93 diopters (D; SD ±0.58). Astigmatism of at least 0.25 D, 0.5 D, 0.75 D, or 1.0 D in either eye was present in 99.7%, 88.5%, 66.5%, and 46.2% of cases, respectivel…

Bivariate analysisAstigmatismRefraction Ocular03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineStatisticsmedicineDiseases in TwinsPrevalenceTwins DizygoticAdditive genetic effectsHumansGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseDioptreFinland030304 developmental biologyMathematicsAged0303 health sciencesAstigmatismTwins MonozygoticHeritabilityMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseTwin studyConfidence intervalAutorefractor030221 ophthalmology & optometryFemaleInvestigative ophthalmologyvisual science
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Properties of erythrocyte light refraction in diabetic patients.

2001

Since hyperglycaemia changes the erythrocyte cell membrane fluidity and impairs cell deformity, our goal was to characterize hemoglobin and red blood cell (RBC) light refractive property changes in diabetic patients. Microscopic investigation was carried out on intact and fixed RBCs. To determine the refractive index (RI): smears of peripheral blood were air dried and fixed for 3 min in methanol. Mixtures of polyvinylpyrolidine and buffer of different pH (1:1) were used as embedding media. Intact RBCs were mixed with a buffered embedding medium, placed on a slide and overlaid with a coverslip. Interference microscopy was used for RI measurements at 18 different pH (pH=2-13). The results sho…

Blood GlucoseOptics and PhotonicsErythrocytesLightBiomedical EngineeringIn Vitro TechniquesBiomaterialsOpticsmedicineDiabetes MellitusHumansScattering RadiationMicroscopy InterferenceChromatographyChemistrybusiness.industryHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationRefractionAtomic and Molecular Physics and OpticsPeripheral bloodElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsRed blood cellmedicine.anatomical_structureCase-Control StudiesHyperglycemiaHemoglobinMicroscopy PolarizationbusinessJournal of biomedical optics
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Perfiles de potencia de las lentes de contacto medidas con NIMO TR1504

2017

This study was supported by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad and FEDER (Grant DPI2015-71256-R) and by the Generalitat Valenciana (Grant PROMETEOII-2014-072), Spain.

Contact LensesComputer sciencebusiness.industryRefraction OcularRefraction03 medical and health sciencesOcular physiology0302 clinical medicineOpticslcsh:Ophthalmologylcsh:RE1-994FISICA APLICADA030221 ophthalmology & optometryHumanslcsh:QC350-467businessScientific LetterAlgorithmsSoftware030217 neurology & neurosurgerylcsh:Optics. LightOptometry
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Repeatability of in vitro power profile measurements for multifocal contact lenses

2015

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the repeatability of an optical device (NIMO TR1504, Lambda-X, Belgium) for measuring multifocal contact lens power profiles. Methods The NIMO TR1504 was used to measure power profiles 30 times for each of 10 different contact lenses from 4 major companies. All contact lenses were labelled as −3 D for distance vision; half were for high addition and half for low addition. The optical zone in all measurements was set to 3-mm radius. For each lens, the median power profile and the residuals of the 30 measurements were calculated. The 95% confidence bands and two indices that summarize measurement errors were calculated: the repeatability limit and an index of repe…

Contact lens powerObservational errorMaterials sciencegenetic structuresContact Lensesbusiness.industryReproducibility of ResultsEquipment DesignGeneral MedicineRepeatabilityRadiusRefraction OcularRefractive Errorseye diseaseslaw.inventionPower (physics)Lens (optics)OphthalmologyOpticslawHomogeneousHumanssense organsbusinessOptometryContact Lens and Anterior Eye
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Gravity modelling of the lower crust in Sardinia (Italy)

1997

In this paper an example is given of an application of statistical techniques to the Bouguer anomalies analysis in order to design a simple crustal model using few a priori assumptions. All gravity measurements carried out in Sardinia have been collected and processed. The Bouguer anomalies have been calculated according to local density estimates. Spectral analysis of the Bouguer anomalies has been carried out along selected profiles in order to estimate the mean depth of the Moho discontinuity and that of an infracrustal discontinuity. The use of this technique inferred the presence of a discontinuity at a mean depth of ~ 28 km, interpreted as Moho and the likely presence of an infracrust…

Density modellcsh:QC801-809CrustGeophysicsfilteringlcsh:QC851-999Geodesyspectral analysisgravitymodellinglcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physicsWavelengthGeophysicsDiscontinuity (geotechnical engineering)seismiclcsh:Meteorology. ClimatologySpectral analysislocal and regional anomalieesSeismic refractionGeologyBouguer anomalyAnnals of Geophysics
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Axial Length and Anterior Segment Alterations in Former Preterm Infants and Full-Term Neonates Analyzed With Scheimpflug Imaging.

2017

Purpose To compare the axial length and anterior segment alterations in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity with those of full-term infants. Methods The Wiesbaden Prematurity Study investigated 503 participants of former gestational age ≤32 weeks and gestational age ≥37 weeks now being aged 4 to 10 years. This study included 485 participants in the prospective controlled cross-sectional, hospital-based study with successful Pentacam Scheimpflug imaging. Anterior segment parameters, axial length measurements, and associated factors were analyzed. Results Corneal thickness did not differ between former preterm and full-term infants. Significant differences were found b…

Diagnostic ImagingMalePediatricsmedicine.medical_specialtyCorneal PachymetryTerm BirthBirth weightVisual AcuityGestational AgeAstigmatismRefraction Ocular03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineAnterior Eye SegmentMedicineBirth WeightHumansProspective StudiesCorneal pachymetryChildFull Termmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryGestational ageRetinopathy of prematurityInfant Low Birth Weightmedicine.diseaseRefractive ErrorsOphthalmologyLow birth weightAxial Length EyeCross-Sectional Studies030221 ophthalmology & optometryTerm BirthFemalemedicine.symptombusiness030217 neurology & neurosurgeryInfant PrematureCornea
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