Search results for "Relative risk"
showing 10 items of 303 documents
Extranodal extension in N1-adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and papilla of Vater: A systematic review and meta-analysis of its prognostic significance
2016
The aim of the study was to investigate the prognostic role of extranodal extension (ENE) of lymph node metastasis in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (PDAC) and papilla [cancer of the papilla of Vater (CPV)]. A PubMed and SCOPUS search from database inception until 5 January 2015 without language restrictions was conducted. Eligible were prospective studies reporting data on prognostic parameters in individuals with PDAC and/or CPV, comparing participants with the presence of ENE (ENE +) with those with intranodal extension (ENE). Data were summarized using risk ratios for number of deaths/recurrences and hazard ratios for time-dependent risk related to ENE+, adjusted for potential confounde…
Biological and technical complications of tilted implants in comparison with straight implants supporting fixed dental prostheses. A systematic revie…
2018
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the implant failure, marginal bone loss (MBL), and other biological or technical complications of restorations supported by tilted and straight implants after at least 3 years in function. METHODS Electronic and manual searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and OpenGrey to identify clinical studies published up to December 2017. After duplicate study selection and data extraction, the risk of bias was assessed with the ROBINS-I tool. Random-effects meta-analyses of relative risks (RRs) or mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by subgroup/sensitivity analyses and application of the GRADE approach. R…
Hospitalization for self-harm during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in France: A nationwide retrospective observational cohort study
2021
ABSTRACT Background Little is known to date about the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm. Methods The number of hospitalizations for self-harm (ICD-10 codes X60-X84) in France from 1st January to 31st August 2020 (including a two-month confinement) was compared to the same periods in 2017–2019. Statistical methods comprised Poisson regression, Cox regression and Student's t-test, plus Spearman's correlation test relating to spatial analysis of hospitalizations. Outcomes There were 53,583 self-harm hospitalizations in France during January to August 2020. Compared to the same period in 2019, this represents an overall 8·5% decrease (Relative Risk [95% Confidence Interval] = 0·91 [0·90–…
Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride intermittent flushing for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults
2014
Background Heparin intermittent flushing is a standard practice in the maintenance of patency in central venous catheters. However, we could find no systematic review examining its effectiveness and safety. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of intermittent flushing with heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) solution in adults with central venous catheters in terms of prevention of occlusion and overall benefits versus harms. Search methods The Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Group Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the Specialised Register (last searched December 2013) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 11). Searches were …
A Study of the Health of Seafaring Workers of Valencia, Spain
1997
Under the auspices of the Service of Maritime Health of the Marine Social Institute of Valencia, Spain, the health status of seafaring workers from Valencia was evaluated. An epidemiologic study was carried out based on 707 pre-embarkation health examinations, collecting information about the health problems of these workers and their associated risk factors. The data were analyzed to estimate population frequencies and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Significance among groups was calculated by the chi-square test (p0.05). Relative risks were calculated in comparisons of the seafaring workers with the general population of Valencia. High incidences of ophthalmologic disorders we…
Epidemiology of childhood cancer
2010
The present contribution reports childhood cancer incidence and survival rates as well as time trends and geographical variation. The report is based on the databases of population-based cancer registries which joined forces in cooperative projects such as Automated Childhood Cancer Information System (ACCIS) and EUROCARE. According to these data, which refer to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer, leukemias, at 34%, brain tumors, at 23%, and lymphomas, at 12%, represent the largest diagnostic groups among the under 15-year-olds. The most frequent single diagnoses are: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and nephroblastoma. There …
A new cure model accounting for extra non-cancer mortality: Validation and application to real data
2021
Introduction The proportion of cancer patients cured of the disease is estimated with standard cure models assuming they have the same risk of death as the general population [1] . These patients, however often maintain an extra risk of dying compared to the overall population, which we assume is due to other causes than cancer [2] . The aim of the work was to develop and validate an extended cure model incorporating the estimated patients’ relative risk of death from other causes (α) compared to that observed in the general population. Methods We extended the mixture cure model considering Weibull relative survival of the uncured by including a relative risk αwhich muliptlies the mortality…
Data Analysis of Epidemiological Studies
2010
Epidemiology is used to describe the distribution of diseases in the population and to analyze the causes of these diseases. One important objective is to identify risk factors and to quantify their significance. A risk factor can influence the probability that a specific disease develops. Risk factors include: Environmental influences (for example, exposure to radon) Predisposition (for example, genes), or Behavioral characteristics (for example, hormone intake). Epidemiological research employs various different types of study (1–3), depending on the question asked. The most important are Cohort studies Case-control studies, and Cross-sectional studies In cohort studies, persons exposed t…
2020
ObjectivesResponding to the mental health needs of refugees remains a pressing challenge worldwide. We estimated the prevalence of psychological distress in a large refugee population in Germany and assessed its association with host country factors amenable to policy intervention and integration indicators.DesignA cross-sectional and population-based secondary analysis of the 2017 wave of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP refugee survey.SettingGermany.Participants2639 adult refugees who arrived in Germany between 2013 and 2016.Main outcome measuresPsychological distress involving symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder was measured using the Refugee Health Screener-13.ResultsAlm…
Sparse relative risk survival modelling
2016
Cancer survival is thought to closed linked to the genimic constitution of the tumour. Discovering such signatures will be useful in the diagnosis of the patient and may be used for treatment decisions and perhaps even the development of new treatments. However, genomic data are typically noisy and high-dimensional, often outstripping the number included in the study. Regularized survival models have been proposed to deal with such scenary. These methods typically induce sparsity by means of a coincidental match of the geometry of the convex likelihood and (near) non-convex regularizer.