Search results for "Relative risk"
showing 10 items of 303 documents
Sharing pathogenetic mechanisms between acute myocardial infarction and Alzheimer's disease as shown by partially overlapping of gene variant profile…
2011
Abstract Gene variants that promote inflammation and cholesterol metabolism have been associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated a panel of relevant polymorphisms to distinguish genetic backgrounds for AMI and AD: IL10 -1082G/A, IL6 -174G/C, TNF -308G/A, IFNG +874T/A, SERPINA3 -51G/T, HMGCR -911C/A, APOE e2/3/4 (280 AMI cases, 257 AD cases, and 1307 population controls, all Italian (presumed risk alleles are shown in bold). Six genetic risk sets I to VI were identified by fuzzy latent classification: I had low risk; II and III had low risk before age 65 (II, III); low risk sets lacked pro-inflammatory alleles for HMGCR-TNF-APOE. Pro-infla…
Physical Inactivity from Youth to Adulthood and Risk of Impaired Glucose Metabolism
2018
Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is important in the prevention and treatment of impaired glucose metabolism. However, association of physical inactivity during the transition between childhood and adulthood with glucose metabolism is unknown. Therefore, we studied the association of persistent physical inactivity since childhood with glucose metabolism in adulthood. Methods: Data were drawn from the ongoing, Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with repeated follow-ups between 1980 and 2011 (baseline age, 3-18 yr; n = 3596). Impaired glucose metabolism was defined as having impaired fasting glucose (6.1-6.9 mmol·L-1) or type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Leisure-time PA habits were repe…
Persistence of protection through 33 months of age provided by immunization in infancy with two three-component acellular pertussis vaccines
1998
Abstract A large, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Italy on two three-component pertussis vaccines, given as DTaP in infancy, one manufactured by SmithKline and Beecham (SB) and one by Chiron Biocine (CB), found each vaccine to be 84% efficacious through the average age of 24 months. The cohort of children envolled in the trial was followed with unmodified case ascertainment procedures for nine additional calendar months, during which partial unblinding occurred, for the unvaccinated randomized group. For the DTaP groups, the specific vaccine assignment remained double-blinded throughout the entire additional observation period. Pertussis was defined as paroxysmal cough last…
A French prospective pilot study for identifying dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency in breast cancer patients (pts) receiving capecitab…
2013
e13519 Background: For fluoropyrimidines, and especially cap, Health Authorities point out that DPD deficiency confers a significant risk of major toxicity (tox). Identification of at-risk pts is thus relevant. This multicentric prospective study of the French GPCO group (Groupe de Pharmacologie Clinique Oncologique, Unicancer) evaluated the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of DPD phenotyping and genotyping for predicting severe cap-related tox in metastatic breast cancer pts. Methods: 303 pts were included (15 institutions), 88% received cap as monotherapy, 28% were treated as first line (mean dose at 1st cycle 1957 mg/m2/d). Pre-treatment dihydrouracil (UH2) and uracil (U) …
Physical activity and risk of atrial fibrillation in the general population : meta-analysis of 23 cohort studies involving about 2 million participan…
2021
Regular physical activity is well established to be associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease outcomes. Whether physical activity is associated with the future risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a controversy. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies in general populations with at least one-year of follow-up, we aimed to evaluate the association between regular physical activity and the risk of AF. Relevant studies were sought from inception until October 2020 in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and manual search of relevant articles. Extracted relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the maximum versus the …
1267 HSP70-2 polymorphism as a risk factor for carotid plaque rupture and cerebral ischaemia in old type 2 diabetes-atherosclerotic patients.
2005
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are at risk for macrovascular disease complications, such as myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke from plaque rupture. Cytokines play a key role in plaque vulnerability. IFN-gamma inhibits collagen synthesis thereby affecting plaque stability. High IL-6, TNF-alpha, and dyslipidemia are risk factors for thrombosis. Abnormal increments of HSP70 in atherosclerotic plaques might lead to plaque instability and rupture caused by chronic inflammation, which up-regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) in human monocytes. Studies of a polymorphic PstI site lying in the coding region at position 1267 of the HSP70-2 gene…
Socioeconomic factors and cervical cancer mortality in Spain during the period 1989?1997
2002
A study was made of cervical cancer (CC) mortality trends in Spain during the period 1989–1997 at National, Autonomous Community and Provincial levels, in relation to different socioeconomic factors. Data were obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, INE). The crude mortality rates were age-adjusted using the indirect method and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as socioeconomic status (SES) indicator. National CC age-adjusted mortality rates have increasing slightly, varying from 3.09 deaths/100,000 women in 1989 to 3.42 in 1996. The highest age-adjusted mortality rates corresponded to Seville, Palencia and Orense, with 4.13, 4.06 and 3.98 c…
Effectiveness of progestogens to improve perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies : an individual participant data meta-analysis
2015
Background In twin pregnancies, the rates of adverse perinatal outcome and subsequent long-term morbidity are substantial, and mainly result from preterm birth (PTB). Objectives To assess the effectiveness of progestogen treatment in the prevention of neonatal morbidity or PTB in twin pregnancies using individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA). Search strategy We searched international scientific databases, trial registration websites, and references of identified articles. Selection criteria Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of 17–hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17Pc) or vaginally administered natural progesterone, compared with placebo or no treatment. Data collection and analysis I…
V: p-Werte: Was sie besagen und was nicht …
2002
Both an extensive data description and an explicit assessment of a study result's statistical significance should be presented in the result section of a clinical trial report. Whereas the description illustrates the order and clinical relevance of the study findings, the statistical significance describes its generalizability to patients not included in the clinical trial: Despite the random recruitment of patients into a trial, the study results may fail to represent clinical reality (for example the trial might show falsely positive efficacy findings, whereas in "clinical reality" efficacy appears rather limited). A p value measures the statistical significance of a study result -- the s…
An Extension of the DgLARS Method to High-Dimensional Relative Risk Regression Models
2020
In recent years, clinical studies, where patients are routinely screened for many genomic features, are becoming more common. The general aim of such studies is to find genomic signatures useful for treatment decisions and the development of new treatments. However, genomic data are typically noisy and high dimensional, not rarely outstripping the number of patients included in the study. For this reason, sparse estimators are usually used in the study of high-dimensional survival data. In this paper, we propose an extension of the differential geometric least angle regression method to high-dimensional relative risk regression models.