Search results for "Relaxation"
showing 10 items of 1162 documents
HP-Xe to go: Storage and Transportation of Hyperpolarized 129-Xe
2016
Abstract Recently the spin–lattice relaxation time T 1 of hyperpolarized (HP)- 129 Xe was significantly improved by using uncoated and Rb-free storage vessels of GE180 glass. For these cells, a simple procedure was established to obtain reproducible wall relaxation times of about 18 h. Then the limiting relaxation mechanism in pure Xe is due to the coupling between the nuclear spins and the angular momentum of the Xe–Xe van-der-Waals-molecules. This mechanism can be significantly reduced by using different buffer gases of which CO 2 was discovered to be the most efficient so far. From these values, it was estimated that for a 1:1 mixture of HP-Xe with CO 2 a longitudinal relaxation time of …
Synchronization of coupled single-electron circuits based on nanoparticles and tunneling junctions
2009
We explore theoretically the synchronization properties of a device composed of coupled single-electron circuits whose building blocks are nanoparticles interconnected with tunneling junctions. Elementary nanoscillators can be achieved by a single-electron tunneling cell where the relaxation oscillation is induced by the tunneling. We develop a model to describe the synchronization of the nanoscillators and present sample calculations to demonstrate that the idea is feasible and could readily find applications. Instead of considering a particular system, we analyze the general properties of the device making use of an ideal model that emphasizes the essential characteristics of the concept.…
The relaxant effects of cromakalim (BRL 34915) on human isolated airway smooth muscle
1992
Cromakalim (BRL 34915) is a potassium channel opener with therapeutic potential as a bronchodilator in asthma. Cromakalim (0.1–30 μmol/l) inhibited the spontaneous tone of human isolated bronchi n a concentration-related manner being nearly as effective as isoprenaline or theophylline. The order of relaxant potencies (expressed as -log10 IC50 mol/l; mean ±SEM) was isoprenaline (7.29 ± 0.27; n = 8) > cromakalim (5.89 ± 0.12; n = 7) > theophylline (4.07 ±0.13; n = 10). In human bronchi where tone had been raised by addition of histamine (0.1 mmol/l), acetylcholine (0.1 mmol/l) or leukotriene D4 (LTD4, 0.1 μmol/l), the relaxant effect of cromakalim was substantially reduced. Cromakalim suppres…
Effects of SCA40 on human isolated bronchus and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: comparison with rolipram, SKF94120 and levcromakalim
1996
1. SCA40 (0.1 nM-0.1 mM) produced concentration-dependent suppression of the spontaneous tone of human isolated bronchus (-log EC50 = 6.85 +/- 0.09; n = 10) and reached a maximal relaxation similar to that of theophylline (3 mM). The potency (-log EC50 values) of SCA40 compared to other relaxants was rolipram (7.44 +/- 0.12; n = 9) > SCA40 > or = levcromakalim (6.49 +/- 0.04; n = 6) > SKF94120 (5.87 +/- 0.10; n = 9). 2. When tested against the activity of the isoenzymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) isolated from human bronchus, SCA40 proved highly potent against PDE III (-log IC50 = 6.47 +/- 0.16; n = 4). It was markedly less potent against PDE IV (4.82 +/- 0.18; n = 4) and …
Comparative ab initio calculations of SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 polar (111) surfaces
2012
We present the results of calculations of SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 polar (111) surface relaxations, rumplings, energetics, optical band gaps, and charge distributions using the ab initio code CRYSTAL and a hybrid description of exchange and correlation. We have calculated the surface relaxation of the two possible terminations (Ti and SrO3 or CaO3) of the SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 (111) surfaces. According to our calculations, atoms of the first surface layer relax inwards for Ti-, SrO3-, and CaO3-terminated (111) surfaces of both materials. The only exception is outward relaxation of the SrO3-terminated SrTiO3 (111) surface upper layer Sr atom. For both Ti-terminated SrTiO3 and CaTiO3 (111) surfaces our …
DSC, Dilatometric, Dielectric, and1H NMR Studies of Phase Transitions and Molecular Motions in [N(C2H5)4]3M2Cl9 (M = Sb, Bi) Crystals
1995
Results in the dependence of stoichiometry of obtained tetraethylammonium (TEA) chloroantiomonate and chlorobismuthate salts on the molar ratio of reactants used in the synthesis are presented. Seven tetraethylammonium salts are obtained: (TEA) 6 M 8 Cl 30 , TEAMCI 4 , (TEA) 3 M 2 Cl 9 (M = Sb, Bi) and (TEA) 2 SbCl 5 . Preliminary X-ray diffraction studies on (TEA) 3 M 2 Cl 9 (M = Sb, Bi) show that they are isomorphous, crystallizing at room temperature in monoclinic symmetry. The dilatometric, dielectric, and DSC studies show that (TEA) 3 Bi 2 Cl 9 undergoes two phase transitions at T c2 = 144 K and at T c1 = 322 K while (TEA) 3 Sb 2 Cl 9 undergoes three transitions at T c3 = 185, T c2 = 2…
Statics and Dynamics of a Glassy Crystal: A NMR- and Neutron Scattering Investigation of (NaCl) 0.35 (NaCN) 0.65
1987
The statics and the dynamics of the glass transition in (NaCl)0.35(NaCN)0.65 have been investigated by inelastic neutron scattering and are directly compared to NMR results. Insight into the relaxation dynamics is gained via the temperature dependence of the transverse acoustic phonon modes and via the spin relaxation time T1. The statics of the system is reflected by the growth of a central peak and by the distribution of electric-field gradients. Both quantities are directly related to the glass order parameter. The temperature dependence of the order parameter provides experimental evidence that in NaCl:NaCN mixed crystals the glass transition is dominated by random fields rather than by…
Microscopic origin of the nonexponential dynamics in a glassy crystal
2003
The origin of the slow relaxation and of the dynamic heterogeneity is studied for an orientation-ally disordered crystal, orthocarborane, composed of quasi-icosahedrally shaped molecules. Multidimensional deuteron magnetic resonance reveals that large jump angles dominate their complex, anisotropic reorientational motion. It involves a sequence of small-angle tilts about locally preferred axes as well as symmetry adapted threefold jumps. The intrinsic dynamics of this glassy crystal is nonexponential and can be fully accounted for in terms of the tilt and jump motion.
The structure and phase transition of mixed crystals
1996
The phase transition and molecular motions of methylammonium cations are studied in the temperature range from 110 to 450 K in the (x = 0.22, 0.345) (MACAB) crystal by x-ray DSC, dilatometric, dielectric and NMR techniques. It is shown that MACAB (x = 0.22) undergoes a structural phase transition at 222 K. The second moment of the NMR line () and the temperature dependence of spin lattice relaxation time () results are interpreted in terms of ( ion dynamics. In the high-temperature phase (I) the cations undergo isotropic reorientations. In the low-temperature phase (II) only one of three cations is still disordered, whereas the two others perform a type of reorientation about their C - N ax…
Structure, phase transitions and molecular motions in ferroelastic (C4H8NH2)SbCl6·(C4H8NH2)Cl
2002
The crystal structure at 293 K of the new pyrrolidinium chloroantimonate (V) analogue, (C4H8NH2)SbCl6(C4H8NH2)Cl, has been determined by x-ray diffraction as monoclinic, space group P21/c, Z = 8. The crystal is built up of isolated SbCl6- anions, two types of inequivalent pyrrolidinium cation and isolated Cl- ions. It undergoes five solid-solid phase transitions: at 351/374 K of first-order type (cooling/heating, respectively), at 356 and 152 K second order and at 135/141 and 105/134 K first order, detected by differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometric and dielectric measurements. The ferroelastic domain structure appears between 152 and 135 K. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance sec…