Search results for "Research and Development"
showing 7 items of 47 documents
Competitiveness Gap of the European Union Member Countries in the Context of Europe 2020 Strategy
2015
Abstract This paper is addressing issues of the competitiveness gap of the European Union member countries in the context of Europe 2020 strategy's smart growth. Authors are examining current competitiveness situation when economic performance of some countries are significantly better than others and how does it fit in the competitiveness framework set by Europe 2020 strategy. To have a closer look at the smart growth of European Union member countries authors examine R&D expenditures and their impact on patents and high-technology share in exports as one of the indicators of the competitiveness.
R&D subsidies and productivity in SMEs
2015
This paper examines the effect of R&D subsidies on labour productivity. We use firm-level data on Finnish SMEs from 2000 to 2012 and apply a combined matching and difference-in-differences method to control for selection bias. We find no significant positive effect on labour productivity over the five-year period after a subsidy is granted. However, the results vary over time and indicate a 2–4 % negative effect on SMEs’ annual productivity growth one to 2 years after the subsidy year. Nevertheless, subsidies generate a positive employment effect and enhance firm survival. Additional scrutiny reveals that subsidies positively affect the human capital level of low-skill firms. peerReviewed
The transformation of R&D into neo open innovation- a new concept in R&D endeavor triggered by amazon
2019
Amazon was the world's top Research and Development (R&D) firm in 2017. Its R&D investment was double that of 2015, five times that of 2012, and ten times that of 2011. Such a rapid and notable increase in R&D investment has raised the question of a new R&D definition and focus in the digital economy, which Amazon insists includes both “routine or periodic alterations” (traditionally classified as non-R&D) and “significant improvement” (classified as R&D). Using an empirical analysis of Amazon's R&D model as a system, this paper attempts to provide a convincing answer to this question. It has been identified that Amazon, which is based on R&D as a culture, has been promoting companywide exp…
Characteristics of clinical trials in rare vs. common diseases: A register-based Latvian study.
2017
Background Conducting clinical studies in small populations may be very challenging; therefore quality of clinical evidence may differ between rare and non-rare disease therapies. Objective This register-based study aims to evaluate the characteristics of clinical trials in rare diseases conducted in Latvia and compare them with clinical trials in more common conditions. Methods The EU Clinical Trials Register (clinicaltrialsregister.eu) was used to identify interventional clinical trials related to rare diseases (n = 51) and to compose a control group of clinical trials in non-rare diseases (n = 102) for further comparison of the trial characteristics. Results We found no significant diffe…
Mid- to Long-Term Outcomes of Cervical Disc Arthroplasty versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Treatment of Symptomatic Cervical Disc Di…
2015
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the mid- to long-term outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of 1-level or 2-level symptomatic cervical disc disease. Methods Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials that reported mid- to long-term outcomes (at least 48 months) of CDA versus ACDF. All data were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 software. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous variables. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95%CIs were calculated for conti…
E-supply Chain for International Technology Transfer
2001
This research (a review of current literature and empirical research) suggests that in order to make the e-supply chain for technology transfer of a Western country company (i.e., technology supplier) more efficient and effective than the conventional technology development and delivery approach, it should be considered as a process whose phases include planning, implementation and evaluation. This paper focuses only on the e-supply chain for technology package development for international technology transfer, and does not deal with all the aspects of IT-supported technology transfer process. peerReviewed
User-Centered Development of Video Telephony for Servicing Mainly Older Users: Review and Evaluation of an Approach Applied for 10 Years
2006
A research and development (R&D) approach has been applied to video telephony (VT) in northern Finland since 1994 by broad consortia. The focus has been on the considerable involvement of ergonomics within the engineering and implementation of VT. This multidisciplinary participatory ergonomic R&D approach (PERDA) is described briefly, in general and through two cases. The user-centeredness should be discernible in this sociotechnical systemic entity. A consortium—comprising mainly manufacturers, individual and organizational users of technological products, and R&D organizations—serves as a natural context for product development. VT has been considered to have much potential for enhancing…