Search results for "Respiratory Physiology"

showing 10 items of 363 documents

Heterozygous deficiency of manganese superoxide dismutase in mice (Mn-SOD+/-): a novel approach to assess the role of oxidative stress for the develo…

2005

Nitroglycerin (GTN)-induced tolerance was reported to be associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. In the present study, we further investigated the role of ROS for the development of nitrate tolerance by using heterozygous manganese superoxide dismutase knock-out mice (Mn-SOD+/-). Mn-SOD is acknowledged as a major sink for mitochondrial superoxide. Vasodilator potency of mouse aorta in response to acetylcholine and GTN was assessed by isometric tension studies. Mitochondrial ROS formation was detected by 8-amino-5-chloro-7-phenylpyrido[3,4-d]pyridazine-1,4-(2H,3H)dione sodium salt (L-012)-enhanced chemiluminescence and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydro…

Mitochondrial ROSHeterozygoteAldehyde dehydrogenaseMitochondrionPharmacologymedicine.disease_causeMitochondria HeartSuperoxide dismutaseMiceNitroglycerinDrug tolerancemedicineAnimalsEndothelial dysfunctionAortaPharmacologychemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesbiologySuperoxide DismutaseDrug ToleranceAldehyde Dehydrogenasemedicine.diseaseEnzyme ActivationMice Inbred C57BLOxidative StresschemistryBiochemistrycardiovascular systembiology.proteinMolecular MedicineOxidative stresscirculatory and respiratory physiologyMolecular pharmacology

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Evidence for a relationship between mitochondrial Complex I activity and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase during nitroglycerin tolerance: effects…

2012

The medical use of nitroglycerin (GTN) is limited by patient tolerance. The present study evaluated the role of mitochondrial Complex I in GIN biotransformation and the therapeutic effect of mitochondrial antioxidants. The development of GIN tolerance (in rat and human vessels) produced a decrease in mitochondrial 02 consumption. Co-incubation with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MQ 10(-6) mol/L) or with glutathione ester (GEE, 10(-4) mol/L) blocked GTN tolerance and the effects of GTN on mitochondrial respiration and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH-2) activity. Biotransformation of GTN depended on the mitochondria being functionally active, particularly mitochondrial Comp…

Mitochondrial ROSMaleAntioxidantmedicine.medical_treatmentAldehyde dehydrogenaseMitochondrionmedicine.disease_causeBiochemistryAntioxidantsRats Sprague-Dawleychemistry.chemical_compoundMiceNitroglycerinCyclic GMPAortaBiotransformationbiologyDrug ToleranceGlutathioneMitochondriaVasodilationBiochemistrycardiovascular systemAntioxidantcirculatory and respiratory physiologyBiophysicsIn Vitro TechniquesALDH-2Nitric oxideCell LineOxygen ConsumptionRotenoneRespirationmedicineHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsAnimalsHumansElectron Transport Complex IDose-Response Relationship DrugNitric oxideGlutathioneCell BiologyAldehyde DehydrogenaseRatschemistryOxidative stressMutationbiology.proteinReactive Oxygen SpeciesOxidative stressBiochimica et biophysica acta

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Nitroglycerine causes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production: In vitro mechanistic insights

2007

Background Nitroglycerine (GTN) is an organic nitrate that has been used for more than 100 years. Despite its widespread clinical use, several aspects of the pharmacology of GTN remain elusive. In a recent study, the authors of the present study showed that GTN causes opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Objective In the present study, it was tested whether GTN-induced ROS production depends on mitochondrial potassium ATP-dependent channel or mPTP opening, and/or GTN biotransformation. Methods and results Isolated rat heart mitochondria were incubated with succinate (a substrate for complex II) and GT…

Mitochondrial ROSPotassium ChannelsVasodilator AgentsRespiratory chainIn Vitro TechniquesPharmacologyMitochondrionMitochondrial Membrane Transport ProteinsMitochondria HeartToxicologyNitroglycerinchemistry.chemical_compoundMitochondrial membrane transport proteinKATP ChannelsAnimalsMedicineRats WistarBiotransformationchemistry.chemical_classificationReactive oxygen speciesbiologyMitochondrial Permeability Transition Porebusiness.industryMPTPPotassium channelRatsBasic ResearchchemistryMitochondrial permeability transition poreModels Animalcardiovascular systembiology.proteinReactive Oxygen SpeciesCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinebusinesscirculatory and respiratory physiologyCanadian Journal of Cardiology

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Structure of the altitude adapted hemoglobin of Guinea pig in the R2-state

2010

Background: Guinea pigs are considered to be genetically adapted to a high altitude environment based on the consistent finding of a high oxygen affinity of their blood. Methodology/Principal Findings: The crystal structure of guinea pig hemoglobin at 1.8 A u resolution suggests that the increased oxygen affinity of guinea pig hemoglobin can be explained by two factors, namely a decreased stability of the Tstate and an increased stability of the R2-state. The destabilization of the T-state can be related to the substitution of a highly conserved proline (P44) to histidine (H44) in the a-subunit, which causes a steric hindrance with H97 of the b-subunit in the switch region. The stabilizatio…

Models MolecularSteric effectsGuinea PigsBiophysicslcsh:Medicinechemistry.chemical_elementCrystallography X-RayBiochemistryOxygen570 Life sciencesGuinea pigHemoglobinsAltitudeBiophysics/Macromolecular Assemblies and MachinesAnimalsProlineProtein Structure Quaternarylcsh:ScienceHistidineMultidisciplinaryProtein StabilityAltitudelcsh:ROxygen transportAdaptation PhysiologicalBiochemistry/Molecular EvolutionBiochemistry/Macromolecular Assemblies and MachinesBiochemistrychemistryBiophysicsPhysiology/Respiratory Physiologylcsh:QHemoglobinResearch Article570 Biowissenschaften

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MyRIP, a novel Rab effector, enables myosin VIIa recruitment to retinal melanosomes

2002

Defects of the myosin VIIa motor protein cause deafness and retinal anomalies in humans and mice. We report on the identification of a novel myosin-VIIa-interacting protein that we have named MyRIP (myosin-VIIa- and Rab-interacting protein), since it also binds to Rab27A in a GTP-dependent manner. In the retinal pigment epithelium cells, MyRIP, myosin VIIa and Rab27A are associated with melanosomes. In transfected PC12 cells, overexpression of MyRIP was shown to interfere with the myosin VIIa tail localization. We propose that a molecular complex composed of Rab27A, MyRIP and myosin VIIa bridges retinal melanosomes to the actin cytoskeleton and thereby mediates the local trafficking of thes…

Molecular Sequence Datamacromolecular substancesMyosinsBiologyBiochemistryRetinarab27 GTP-Binding ProteinsMotor proteinMicechemistry.chemical_compoundTwo-Hybrid System Techniquesotorhinolaryngologic diseasesGeneticsmedicineAnimalsHumansAmino Acid SequenceRAB27Molecular BiologyGene LibraryMelanosomesRetinal pigment epitheliumScientific ReportsDyneinsRetinalActin cytoskeletonCell biologymedicine.anatomical_structurechemistryOrgan Specificityrab GTP-Binding ProteinsMelanosome transportMyosin VIIaMelanophilinsense organsRabSequence Alignmentcirculatory and respiratory physiologyEMBO reports

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Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography of the Pulmonary Vasculature

1998

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been established as a powerful noninvasive imaging modality. Its applications to the study of the pulmonary vasculature have been hampered by a multitude of factors, such as respiratory and cardiac motion artifacts, saturation problems, long acquisition times

Noninvasive imagingmedicine.medical_specialtygenetic structuresmedicine.diagnostic_testbusiness.industryGeneral Medicineequipment and suppliesMagnetic resonance angiographyCardiac motioncardiovascular systemmedicineRadiology Nuclear Medicine and imagingPulmonary vasculatureRadiologybusinesscirculatory and respiratory physiologyInvestigative Radiology

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Seawater carbonate chemistry and carbon sources of mussel shell carbonate

2018

Ocean acidification and warming is widely reported to affect the ability of marine bivalves to calcify, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In particular, the response of their calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to changing seawater carbonate chemistry remains poorly understood. The present study deciphers sources of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the calcifying fluid of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) reared at two pH (8.1 and 7.7) and temperature (16 and 22 °C) levels for five weeks. Stable carbon isotopic ratios of seawater DIC, mussel soft tissues and shells were measured to determine the relative contribution of seawater DIC and metabolically generated carb…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesSalinityMytilus edulisinorganicAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedhemic and lymphatic diseasesCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010PercentageAragonite saturation stateNorth Pacificδ13C dissolved inorganic carbon standard deviationAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedLaboratory experimentCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2δ13C dissolved inorganic carbonEarth System Researchδ13CContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)standard deviationUniform resource locator link to referencecirculatory and respiratory physiologyCalcite saturation statewaterContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)BenthosAlkalinity total standard errorUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaTypeBicarbonate ionTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalcite saturation state standard errorCarbonate system computation flagdissolved inorganic carbonFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaSingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBenthic animalsδ13C standard deviationBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelf

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"Table 8" of "Measurement of the cross section for W-boson production in association with jets in ppbar collisions at s**(1/2) = 1.96-TeV"

2008

Total cross sections for W production in association with 3 or more jets.

PBAR P --> W- .GE.3JET XElectron productionIntegrated Cross SectionPBAR P --> W+ .GE.3JET XJet Productionrespiratory systemCross Sectionequipment and suppliesSIGcomplex mixturesInclusive1960.0human activitiesW Productioncirculatory and respiratory physiology

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Angiotensin II, type 2 receptor in the development of vesico-ureteric reflux

2001

Objective To investigate if mutation of the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptors AT2 is involved in primary vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) in humans. Patients and methods Genetic polymorphisms in the AT1 and AT2 receptors was evaluated in 23 patients having the most common congenital urological abnormality, namely primary congenital VUR. The occurrence of the A1166C transition in the AT1 receptor gene and the A-1332G transition in the AT2 receptor gene were evaluated and compared with the incidence in normal controls with no urological abnormalities. Result The distribution of the AT1 receptor genotypes was no different between patients with VUR and healthy controls. Furthermore, 10 of 23 (44%) …

Pathologymedicine.medical_specialtyAngiotensin II receptor type 1business.industryMegaureterUrologyRefluxUrologyurologic and male genital diseasesmedicine.diseaseAngiotensin IIVesicoureteral refluxfemale genital diseases and pregnancy complicationsUretermedicine.anatomical_structurecardiovascular systemmedicineTrigone of urinary bladderReceptorbusinesshormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonistscirculatory and respiratory physiologyBJU International

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Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of ventilator-associated lung injury after surfactant depletion.

2008

Volutrauma and atelectrauma have been proposed as mechanisms of ventilator-associated lung injury, but few studies have compared their relative importance in mediating lung injury. The objective of our study was to compare the injury produced by stretch (volutrauma) vs. cyclical recruitment (atelectrauma) after surfactant depletion. In saline-lavaged rabbits, we used high tidal volume, low respiratory rate, and low positive end-expiratory pressure to produce stretch injury in nondependent lung regions and cyclical recruitment in dependent lung regions. Tidal changes in shunt fraction were assessed by measuring arterial Po2 oscillations. After ventilating for times ranging from 0 to 6 h, lu…

Pathologymedicine.medical_specialtyVentilator-associated lung injuryPhysiologyNitric Oxide Synthase Type IIInflammationEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayPulmonary EdemaRespiratory physiologyLung injuryPhysiology (medical)medicineAnimalsInterleukin 8LungChemokine CCL2PeroxidaseLungVentilators Mechanicalbusiness.industryRespiratory diseaseInterleukin-8Pulmonary SurfactantsLung Injuryrespiratory systemmedicine.diseasePulmonary edemarespiratory tract diseasesOxygenmedicine.anatomical_structureNeutrophil InfiltrationCalibrationRespiratory MechanicsCytokinesFluid TherapyFemaleRabbitsmedicine.symptomBlood Gas AnalysisChemokinesbusinessJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)

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