Search results for "Respiratory disease"
showing 10 items of 278 documents
Airway inflammation in nonasthmatic amateur runners
2001
Elite athletes show a high prevalence of symptoms and signs of asthma, but no study has assessed the acute effects of endurance exercise on airway cells in nonasthmatic athletes. We measured exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and collected samples of induced sputum after 3% NaCl aerosol administration for 20 min in nonasthmatic middle-aged amateur runners after the Fourth Palermo International Marathon and 6–9 wk later (habitual training period) at baseline. After the marathon, exhaled NO ( n = 9 subjects) was higher [27 ± 9 parts/billion (ppb)] than at baseline (12 ± 4 ppb; P < 0.0005). Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) counts in induced sputum were much higher in runners (91.2 ± 3.6% of total…
Airway remodelling assessed by sputum and high resolution computed tomography in asthma and COPD
2004
It is not known whether sputum elastase, metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue-inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 are related to structural changes of the airways, as assessed by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan. The relationships between these markers and the magnitude of structural changes of the airways in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were assessed. Induced sputum and HRCT scan were performed in 30 asthmatics (14 mild and 16 severe) and in 12 patients with COPD. A greater extent of HRCT scan abnormalities was found in COPD than in severe and mild asthmatics. HRCT scan abnormalities correlated with the degree of airway obstruction in COPD and in …
Do childhood respiratory infections continue to influence adult respiratory morbidity?
2008
The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of childhood respiratory infections on adult respiratory health. In 1992-1994, the European Community Respiratory Health Survey recruited community based samples of 20-44-yr-old people from 48 centres in 22 countries. Study participants completed questionnaires and underwent lung function testing. On average, 8.9 yrs later, 29 centres re-investigated their samples using similar methods. Mixed effects models comprising an estimate for the random variation between centres were used to evaluate the relevant associations. In total, 9,175 patients participated in both studies, of whom 10.9% reported serious respiratory infections (SRI) be…
Bilobectomy for massive hemoptysis after bilateral lung transplantation
2001
AbstractJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;121:1194-5
Deferral of assessment of pulmonary embolism
2007
We evaluated a simplified algorithm for safely postponing diagnostic imaging for pulmonary embolism (PE). At the index visit, patients were identified as being at high or low risk of PE; the former received full dosage low molecular weight heparin while the latter were left untreated until performance of diagnostic imaging (max 72 hours). During this period, no thromboembolic events occurred in low-risk patients (0/211, 0.% [upper 95% CI 0.9%]); only one event occurred in those at high-risk (1/125, 0.8% [upper 95% CI, 1.2]). Our study demonstrates that diagnostic imaging for PE can be safely deferred for up to 3 days.
Dysregulated Survivin Expression in Nasal Polyps of Individuals with Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
2012
Background A derailed balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is presumed to result in cell hyperplasia as a typical feature of nasal polyps. Survivin, a protein of the inhibitors of the apoptosis family is proposed to promote polyp formation. However, studies concerning survivin expression in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps are rare and the specificity of the survivin expression in nasal polyps from individuals with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) has not been investigated. Methods Immunohistochemical survivin expression analysis was performed. Samples were taken from the ethmoid sinus of individuals with CRS with nasal polyps with and without AERD during …
Spiral CT of bronchial arteries in chronic thromboembolism.
1994
OBJECTIVE: Computed tomography study of bronchial artery anatomy and evaluation of dilatation and tortuousity as indicators for pulmonary hypertension and surgical risk in patients with chronic thromboembolism were performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed contrast-enhanced, thin section spiral CT scans of 39 patients undergoing pulmonary thromboendarterectomy. Findings were compared with mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure in all, postoperative mortality in 33, and postoperative CT in 5 patients. Twenty patients without pulmonary hypertension served as controls. RESULTS: In the pulmonary hypertension group, 50 bronchial arteries were observed in 30 of 39 patients. Their…
Contrast echocardiography of the left ventricle an independent predictor of pulmonary artery pressure?
1994
To test the hypothesis that left heart opacification is dependent on pulmonary artery pressure, we analyzed consecutively 12 patients with normal and 8 patients with abnormal pulmonary artery pressure with a new lung capillary stable echo contrast agent. Patients underwent contrast echocardiographic examination within 6 hours before right and left heart catheterization with 200 mg/ml and 400 mg/ml SHU 508A intravenously. The mean pulmonary artery pressure was 15.4 mmHg in the patients with normal pulmonary artery pressures and 46.4 mmHg in the patients with pulmonary hypertension (p0.000). Echocardiograms were video-intensitometrically analyzed for intensity maximum (MAX), half-time of vide…
Assessment of the relationship between lung parenchymal destruction and impaired pulmonary perfusion on a lobar level in patients with emphysema.
2006
Abstract Purpose To assess the relationship between lung parenchymal destruction and impaired pulmonary perfusion on a lobar level using CT and MRI in patients with emphysema. Material and methods Forty-five patients with severe emphysema (GOLD III and IV) underwent inspiratory 3D-HRCT and contrast-enhanced MR-perfusion (1.5T; 3.5 mm × 1.9 mm × 4 mm). 3D-HRCT data was analyzed using a software for detection and visualization of emphysema. Emphysema was categorized in four clusters with different volumes and presented as overlay on the CT. CT and lung perfusion were visually analyzed for three lobes on each side using a four-point-score to grade the abnormalities on CT (1: predominantly smal…
Carcinoma of the lung, stage III. Experience with the new TNM-AJCC classification.
1988
The records of 228 patients who underwent surgery for primary lung cancer in 1970–1986 were reviewed. In 115 cases (94 men, 21 women) the disease was in stage III according to the 1978 classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). These 115 cases were retrospectively reassessed, using a recently proposed new TNM classification with subdivision of stage III into IIIa, in which the patients may benefit from surgery, and IIIb, in which surgery is not advisable. Stage IIIa disease was present at operation in 87 cases and stage IIIb in 28. Actuarial analysis of survival rates showed that the new subclassification permits identification of those stage III patients who may benef…