Search results for "Respiratory tract infections"

Usefulness of Oscillations Added to Mechanical In-Exsufflation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

2019

BACKGROUND: Assisted coughing via mechanical in-exsufflation (MI-E) is a first-line treatment for secretion management in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with unassisted CPF METHODS: We conducted a 12-month, prospective, randomized follow-up study of subjects with ALS for whom assisted coughing techniques were indicated. One group was treated with oscillations in addition to MI-E (MI-E+O), and the other group was treated with conventional MI-E. RESULTS: 29 subjects were included in the MI-E group and 27 subjects were included in the MI-E+O group. Five subjects (8.9%) required invasive techniques for secretion management (3 in the MI-E group and 2 in the MI-E+O group, P = .…

Predictors of need for noninvasive ventilation during respiratory tract infections in medically stable, non-ventilated subjects with amyotrophic late…

2014

BACKGROUND: Acute lower respiratory infections can impair muscle strength in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). When associated with an increase in load on the respiratory system, this situation may precipitate hypercapnic respiratory failure in non-ventilated patients with ALS. The aim of this study was to determine whether a clinical or functional parameter can predict the need for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during an acute respiratory infection for medically stable, non-ventilated patients with ALS. METHODS: This was a prospective study involving all non-ventilated subjects with ALS admitted due to an acute respiratory infection to a respiratory care unit from a tertia…

Pulmonary agenesis: Importance of the diagnosis

2010

The multicenter Italian birth cohort study on incidence and determinants of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization in infants at 33 weeks …

2011

Antibiotic use and associated factors in a large sample of hospitalised older people

2019

Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess (i) the prevalence of antibiotic use, (ii) factors associated with their use and (iii) the association with in-hospital mortality in a large sample of hospitalised older people in Italy.Methods: Data were obtained from the 2010-2017 REPOSI register held in more than 100 internal medicine and geriatric wards in Italy. Patients aged >= 65 years with at least one antibiotic prescription during their hospitalisation were selected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine factors associated with antibiotic use.Results: A total of 5442 older patients were included in the analysis, of whom 2786 (51.2%) were prescribed anti…

Bacterial and viral infections and related inflammatory responses in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021

Abstract In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, bacterial and viral infections play a relevant role in worsening lung function and, therefore, favour disease progression. The inflammatory response to lung infections may become a specific indication of the bacterial and viral infections. We here review data on the bacterial–viral infections and related airways and lung parenchyma inflammation in stable and exacerbated COPD, focussing our attention on the prevalent molecular pathways in these different clinical conditions. The roles of macrophages, autophagy and NETosis are also briefly discussed in the context of lung infections in COPD. Controlling their combined response…

Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: relatively frequent isolation of serogroup 12 from clinical specimens.

1985

Serological typing of P. aeruginosa is the most simple and reliable procedure recommended for ≪ in-house ≫ investigations and for studies of suspected outbreaks of infection by this microorganism. It is also a useful procedure in order to know serotype prevalence in a definite geografical area and to obtain indications about the more appropriate composition of polivalent anti-Pseudomonas vaccines. In the present report, we describe the relatively high frequency of isolation of serogroup 12 from patients in Palermo, Italy. Serogroup 12 is very rare in north-Europe and in the USA, and, as a consequence, it is not included in some vaccine preparations. In Palermo, strains belonging to this ser…

Upper respiratory tract infections in children: From case history to management

2015

Respiratory tract infections are the most common diseases in childhood. The respiratory tract, widely branched system of ducts, is particularly exposed to the action of microorganisms transmitted by air from here the high frequency of infections they face especially in the first years of life. It is usual distinguish: upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). In particular, in infections of the upper airways, the inflammatory process, result of the interaction between microbes and the immune response, can be localized to the mucosa of the nose or sinuses (common cold and sinusitis), or the pharynx or larynx (pharyngotonsillitis and laryngitis) …

Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, immune-related outcomes, and lung function in children from a Spanish birth cohort study.

2019

Background: Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been associated with impaired immune and respiratory health during childhood but the evidence is inconsistent and limited for lung function. We studied the association between prenatal PFASs exposure and immune and respiratory health, including lung function, up to age 7 years in the Spanish INMA birth cohort study. Methods: We assessed four PFASs in maternal plasma samples collected during the 1st trimester of pregnancy (years: 2003-2008): perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA). Mothers reported the occurrence (yes/no) of lower respir…

Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and immune and respiratory outcomes

2018

Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may be associated with impaired immune and respiratory health during childhood but the evidence is scarce and inconsistent. We studied the association between prenatal PFAS exposure and immune and respiratory health up to age 7 years in the Spanish INMA birth cohort (n=1188). We assessed perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) in maternal plasma samples. Mothers reported the occurrence (yes/no) of chest infections, lower respiratory tract infections, wheezing, asthma, and eczema in the previous 12 months at 1.5 and 4 years of the child and at 7 years. A…