Search results for "Restriction"
showing 10 items of 527 documents
The enemy in you: the interdependency of the localisation and antigenicity of proteins
2009
The subcellular localisation of protein components should be important for their antigenicity. This assumption is derived from the concept of MHC restriction, where CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes can only interact with MHC II and MHC I surface receptors, respectively. If this mechanism applies, however, then intracellular components should have immunogenic effects mediated by MHC II and CD4 T lymphocytes as soon as they enter the extracellular space. Conversely, extracellular components should generate an immune response that is mediated by MHC I and CD8 lymphocytes when they breach the intracellular space and when they exceed a critical concentration. In this study, these hypotheses were invest…
Stimulation of human T cells by microbial 'superantigens'.
1991
The enterotoxins and the TSST of S. aureus, the erythrogenic toxins A and C of S. pyogenes and a still uncharacterized exoprotein of M. arthritidis belong to a family of exotoxins that have in common a potent mitogenic activity for T lymphocytes of several species. These proteins stimulate CD4+ and C8+ T cells, as well as a fraction of gamma delta TCR-bearing T cells by cross-linking variable parts of the T cell antigen receptor with MHC class II molecules on accessory or target cells. They are functionally bivalent molecules having distinct interaction sites for variable parts of the TCR and for nonpolymorphic parts of the MHC class II molecule. For alpha beta TCR-bearing T cells the V bet…
The stakeholder's perception of socio-economic impacts generated by COVID-19 pandemic within the Italian aquaculture systems.
2021
From the beginning of March 2020 and for the following two and half months, many European countries comprising Italy have been forced into an unprecedented lockdown, allowing only the opening of essential economic activities needed to address the problems created by the pandemic (e.g. sanitary, food provision). Like many sectors of the Italian economy, aquaculture has also slowed down due to the ongoing emergency and the consequent closure of business. In our study we provided a ‘snapshot’ of the socio-economic effects of the lockdown on the aquaculture sector in Italy, immediately following the adoption of the COVID-19 restrictions as they were perceived by the workers. Although it was sur…
The interaction of codes in dubbing: wordplay and visual restrictions
2012
The following paper delves into the complex transfer of humour focusing on a recurring problem that appears when dubbing comedies: wordplay partially transmitted by image. It analyses the factors that have a bearing on translation and illustrates the various translation techniques with scenes from the Marx Brothers' filmography. Finally, it details the conclusions obtained from the analysis of the dubbing of 74 puns with visual restriction and its comparison with 116 cases where there is no such restriction.
Effect of single-species and mixed-species leaf leachate on bacterial communities in biofilms
2009
Dissolved organic matter in the form of leaf leachate represents an important carbon and energy source in many lotic ecosystems. In this study, we investigated utilization of mono-specific and mixed-species leaf leachate and impacts on biofilm bacterial community structure. Ceramic tiles were incubated in a Northeast Ohio stream to allow for biofilm development and then exposed in the laboratory to glucose or leachate from: sugar maple (Acer saccharum), pin oak (Quercus palustris), maple oak, American beech (Fagus grandifolia), witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana), or beech witch hazel. Bacterial responses to these amendments were compared to un-amended controls based on fluorescent in situ h…
Usefulness of omp1 restriction mapping for avian Chlamydia psittaci isolate differentiation
1995
Abstract Sixty-five avian Chlamydia psittaci isolates collected worldwide, including 27 previously characterized reference strains, were analysed by restriction mapping of the major outer membrane protein gene ( omp1 ) obtained after DMA amplification by PCR. They were compared to 2 ruminant isolates, a feline pneumonitis and a guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) isolate. According to their omp1 restriction patterns, avian strains were heterogeneous in that they exhibited 6 and 4 distinct patterns using Alu I and Mbo II restriction enzymes, respectively, thus defining 7 groups. However, 84% of the studied strains belonged to groups 1 to 4, which share a specific fragment triplet of 4…
Comparative genetic diversity of the narG, nosZ, and 16S rRNA genes in fluorescent Pseudomonads
2003
ABSTRACT The diversity of the membrane-bound nitrate reductase ( narG ) and nitrous oxide reductase ( nosZ ) genes in fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from soil and rhizosphere environments was characterized together with that of the 16S rRNA gene by a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Fragments of 1,008 bp and 1,433 bp were amplified via PCR with primers specific for the narG and nosZ genes, respectively. The presence of the narG and nosZ genes in the bacterial strains was confirmed by hybridization of the genomic DNA and the PCR products with the corresponding probes. The ability of the strains to either reduce nitrate or totally dissimilate nitrogen was assessed. Overa…
Long-term impact of 19 years' farmyard manure or sewage sludge application on the structure, diversity and density of the protocatechuate-degrading b…
2012
International audience; Impact of long-term biosolids application on soil-living micro-organisms key players of ecosystemic services is scarcely reported. Here, the impact of the 19 year-long application of farmyard manure (FM) and sewage sludge (SS) organic fertilisation regimes on the protocatechuate-degrading bacterial (pca) community was estimated by comparison to a mineral fertilisation regime (U). The structure, diversity and density of the pca community were determined using pcaH, a gene encoding the protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Ten years after the last application, the structure of the pca community in soils amended with 55100 (100 t/ha/2 years) and to a lesser extent with FM (1…
Saccharomyces eubayanusandSaccharomyces uvarumassociated with the fermentation ofAraucaria araucanaseeds in Patagonia
2014
Mudai is a traditional fermented beverage, made from the seeds of the Araucaria araucana tree by Mapuche communities. The main goal of the present study was to identify and characterize the yeast microbiota responsible of Mudai fermentation as well as from A. araucana seeds and bark from different locations in Northern Patagonia. Only Hanseniaspora uvarum and a commercial bakery strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated from Mudai and all Saccharomyces isolates recovered from A. araucana seed and bark samples belonged to the cryotolerant species Saccharomyces eubayanus and Saccharomyces uvarum. These two species were already reported in Nothofagus trees from Patagonia; however, this …
Effect of a Lifestyle Intervention Program With Energy-Restricted Mediterranean Diet and Exercise on Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: One…
2018
OBJECTIVE The long-term impact of intentional weight loss on cardiovascular events remains unknown. We describe 12-month changes in body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED)-Plus, a trial designed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention on primary cardiovascular prevention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Overweight/obese adults with metabolic syndrome aged 55–75 years (n = 626) were randomized to an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet, physical activity promotion, and behavioral support (IG) or a control group (CG). The primary and seco…