Search results for "Reuptake"
showing 10 items of 96 documents
Serum concentrations of hydroxybupropion for dose optimization of depressed patients treated with bupropion.
2014
Background Bupropion is a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor approved for the treatment of depression and smoking cessation. According to the recently published reviews, it is a candidate for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce risks of intolerability or intoxication. In practice, however, the use of TDM is limited due to the chemical instability of bupropion. This investigation sought to determine if the major, active, and chemically stable metabolite 4-hydroxybupropion is a suitable measure to guide antidepressant drug therapy with bupropion. Methods 4-Hydroxybupropion serum levels were measured using a newly developed and validated hig…
Effect of sertraline treatment on benzodiazepine receptors in the rat brain.
1993
In this paper we describe the modification of benzodiazepine (BDZ) binding sites in the rat brain after different times of treatment with the 5-hydroxytryptamine-(5HT) uptake blocker sertraline. We investigated the effect of 8, 15 and 30 days sertraline treatment (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) on 3 H-flunitrazepam binding sites. In order to describe the anatomical site of action of the drug, the experiment has been carried out by means of quantitative receptor autoradiography. After 8 days of sertraline treatment, an increase of BDZ receptor density is found in the olfactory tubercle. This effect is reversed at 15 and 30 days. At 15 days of treatment, an increase is found in the anterior cingulate co…
Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Outcome After Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients Using Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors.
2017
Background and Purpose— Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) impair platelet function and have been linked to a higher risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage—an association that may be augmented by oral anticoagulants (OAC). We aimed to assess whether preadmission treatment with SSRIs in patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with post-thrombolysis symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and functional outcome. Methods— A multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted in prospective registries of patients treated by thrombolysis within 4.5 hours of stroke onset. The association between preadmission treatment with SSRIs and sICH (ECASS II definition [Europe…
Meta-Analysis, Ideals of Objectivity, and the Reliability of Medical Knowledge
2015
This paper focuses on the ideals of scientific objectivity as they emerge in discussions concerning meta-analyses and medical research. Stegenga (2011) has argued that meta-analyses fail to be objective because conducting them involves making judgments. I show that his reasoning is based on the so-called procedural ideal of objectivity, which can be questioned: this ideal is unattainable and does not capture some of the problematic issues of medical research. By introducing a case in research on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, I demonstrate why the so-called social view on objectivity succeeds better in accommodating 1) the way in which scientific research necessarily involves judg…
Animal Models of Stress - Current Knowledge and Potential Directions
2021
Finding new therapies and new antidepressant agents is of high clinical priority given that many cases of depressive disorder do not respond to conventional monoaminergic antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors The authors demonstrated that electroacupuncture and fluoxetine, a second-generation antidepressant categorized as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Perez-Caballero et al , 2014), regulate the expression of key proteins in the calmodulin kinase (CAMK) signaling pathway, which are related to depression in the hippocampi of rats (Takemoto-Kimura et al , 2017;Xie et al , 2019) In a paper on “Sho…
Dietary l-tryptophan leaves a lasting impression on the brain and the stress response
2017
AbstractComparative models suggest that effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) neurochemistry and stress responsiveness are present throughout the vertebrate lineage. Moreover, hypothalamic 5-HT seems to play a central role in control of the neuroendocrine stress axis in all vertebrates. Still, recent fish studies suggest long-term effects of dietary Trp on stress responsiveness, which are independent of hypothalamic 5-HT. Here, we investigated if dietary Trp treatment may result in long-lasting effects on stress responsiveness, including changes in plasma cortisol levels and 5-HT neurochemistry in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of Atlantic sa…
Serotonin-dopamine interaction: electrophysiological evidence.
2008
In this review, the most relevant data regarding serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)/dopamine (DA) interaction in the brain, as studied by both in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological methods, are reported and discussed. The bulk of neuroanatomical data available clearly indicate that DA-containing neurons in the brain receive a prominent innervation from 5-HT originating in the raphe nuclei of the brainstem. Furthermore, this modulation seems to be reciprocal; DA neurons innervate the raphe nuclei and exert a tonic excitatory effect on them. Compelling electrophysiological data show that 5-HT can exert complex effects on the electrical activity of midbrain DA neurons mediated by the va…
Fluvoxamine but not sertraline inhibits the metabolism of olanzapine: evidence from a therapeutic drug monitoring service.
2001
Therapeutic drug monitoring data of the new atypical neuroleptic drug olanzapine were used to study interactions with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine and sertraline. The distribution of the ratio of concentration/daily dose (C/D; ng/mL per mg/d) of olanzapine was compared in three groups: patients treated with olanzapine (n = 134), patients treated with olanzapine plus fluvoxamine (n = 10) concomitantly, and patients treated with olanzapine plus sertraline (n = 21) concomitantly. No significant difference was seen between the olanzapine and the olanzapine plus sertraline groups. Patients receiving fluvoxamine in addition to olanzapine had C/D ratios that were in the …
Fluvoxamine augmentation of olanzapine in chronic schizophrenia: pharmacokinetic interactions and clinical effects.
2002
Olanzapine is a substrate of the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP) 1A2. In this study, pharmacokinetic interactions and clinical effects of adding the CYP1A2 inhibitor fluvoxamine to steady-state olanzapine was examined in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Eight patients had been treated for at least 3 months with 10 to 20 mg/day olanzapine. Fluvoxamine (100 mg/day) was added (week 0) to the olanzapine treatment and continued for 8 weeks. Concentrations of olanzapine and its metabolite N-desmethylolanzapine and of fluvoxamine were analyzed at weeks 0, 1, 4, and 8. Addition of fluvoxamine resulted in a 12% to 112% (0.01) increase of olanzapine from 31 +/- SD 15 ng/mL (week 0) to 56 +/- 31 ng…
A monoamine oxidase B gene variant and short-term antidepressant treatment response.
2007
Genetic differences among patients suffering from Major Depression are likely to contribute to interindividual differences in medication treatment response. Thus, the identification of gene variants affecting drug response is needed in order to be able to predict response to psychopharmacological drugs. This study analyzed a possible association of the common A644G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within intron 13 of the monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) gene with antidepressant treatment response. The study population consisted of n = 102 patients with major depression (criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition; DSM-IV) participating in a randomized do…