Search results for "Review Paper"
showing 10 items of 20 documents
Salivary gland proteins alterations in the diabetic milieu
2021
AbstractSalivary glands are considered the chief exocrine glands of the mouth and physiologically contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the oral cavity. They consist of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands, which come in pairs and are collectively called the major glands, and the minor glands, which are much smaller and are dispersed throughout the buccal cavity. Salivary glands are distinguished by their size, amount of saliva secretion and their location in the oral cavity. Salivary glands pathophysiology has been a subject of interest in various worldwide metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a global health concern, with a pa…
The Metabolic Syndrome and Its Relationship to Hypertensive Target Organ Damage
2007
High blood pressure is often associated with various metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated plasma glucose, and insulin resistance, which are the main features of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is extremely common worldwide. This high prevalence is of considerable concern because several studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome carries an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Several lines of evidence seem to indicate that the metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased prevalence of preclinical cardiovascular and renal changes, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, microalbuminuria, impaired aortic elasticity, and early ca…
Post-operative computed tomography imaging evaluation of ascending aorta surgery
2021
Ascending thoracic aorta disease is often a life-threatening condition. Aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection are the most frequent ascending aorta diseases requiring surgical intervention. Surgical repair techniques of the ascending aorta are various; they include reconstruction of the ascending aorta by using a graft with or without a prosthetic valve, reconstruction with a composite artificial graft or using a biological graft, and reconstruction of the ascending aorta with a composite graft preserving the native valve and arch repair. The radiologist plays a key role in the identification of post-operative complications; differentiation from normal postoperative findings is fundamental.…
Ezetimibe, cardiovascular risk and atherogenic dyslipidaemia.
2010
Ezetimibe is a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor with an excellent side-effect profile, able to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 15-25% from baseline in monotherapy and on top of statins and fibrates. Yet, it seems that ezetimibe produces quantitative rather than qualitative changes in LDL, with small net effects on atherogenic dyslipidaemia. This is supported by findings from the Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Atherosclerosis Regression (ENHANCE) study on atherosclerosis progression, where the addition of ezetimibe to simvastatin in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia did not affect the mean change in carotid int…
Stem cells and new intervention measures as emerging therapy in cardiac surgery
2020
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) presents a great burden for elderly patients, their caregivers, and health systems. Structural and functional alterations of vessels accumulate throughout life, culminating in increased risk of developing CVD. Several inflammatory pathway are involved in vascular ageing. The growing elderly population worldwide highlights the need to understand how aging promotes CVD in order to develop new strategies to confront this challenge. In this review we analyzed the role of stem cells and new intervention measures as emerging drugs for vascular aging.Choroby układu krążenia (CVD) są ogromnym obciążeniem dla osób w podeszłym wieku i ich opiekunów, a także systemów opiek…
Swallowing impairment in neurologic disorders: The role of videofluorographic swallowing study
2018
Patients with neurologic diseases almost inevitably develop various degrees of swallowing disorders during their life. Dysphagia is one of the main negative prognostic factors in this class of patients, leading to severe morbidity (i.e. aspiration pneumonia, dehydration, malnutrition, and life quality deterioration) and to a noticeable increase in public health spending. Videofluorographic swallowing study is considered the gold standard technique for swallowing impairment assessment. It is aimed at early identification of the risk of aspiration, definition of the kind and grade of dysphagia, and an indication to suspend oral nutrition and adopt other feeding strategies, and define when the…
High blood pressure in children: clinical and health policy implications.
2010
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). Hypertension is a global problem, affecting both developed and developing nations. In addition to being a major cause of morbidity and mortality, hypertension places a heavy burden on health care systems, families, and society as a whole. Despite evidence of an increasing prevalence of hypertension among youth, the consequences of early onset are poorly established and often overlooked. Childhood hypertension is often asymptomatic and easily missed, even by health professionals. Target organ damage is detectable in children and adolescents, however, and hypertension continues into adulthood. Additional strategies to improve cardiovascular health among children …
Predictors of Progression in Hypertensive Renal Disease in Children
2004
In hypertensive renal disease in children, several risk factors influence the development and the rate of progression of renal damage, including blood pressure levels, proteinuria, lipid disorders, and genetic differences. The impact of blood pressure on renal structures, the most important of the factors, depends not only on blood pressure levels, but also on the persistence of the blood pressure levels over time, mainly during the hours when the patient is resting or sleeping. Abnormal circadian variability is frequently observed in patients with renal damage, and nocturnal blood pressure reduction should be a major therapeutic objective to protect against a decline in renal function. Pro…
Commissioning and quality assurance procedures for the HDR Valencia skin applicators
2016
The Valencia applicators (Nucletron, an Elekta company, Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) are cup-shaped tungsten applicators with a flattening filter used to collimate the radiation produced by a high-dose-rate (HDR) 192 Ir source, and provide a homogeneous absorbed dose at a given depth. This beam quality provides a good option for the treatment of skin lesions at shallow depth (3-4 mm). The user must perform commissioning and periodic testing of these applicators to guarantee the proper and safe delivery of the intended absorbed dose, as recommended in the standards in radiation oncology. In this study, based on AAPM and GEC-ESTRO guidelines for brachytherapy units and our experience, a set …
Ultra-low contrast coronary angiography and zero-contrast percutaneous coronary intervention for prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy: step-by-…
2019
Contrast-induced nephropathy is a serious complication after intravascular administration of iodinated contrast media and is associated with numerous adverse outcomes. Its prevalence is particularly high in patients with multiple comorbidities who undergo coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Currently, the only effective method to prevent contrast-induced kidney injury is adequate hydration and a reduction of contrast volume during the intervention. Recently, new approaches aiming to minimize contrast usage have been proposed, i.e., ultra-low contrast angiography and zero-contrast PCI. However, neither tutorials for these techniques nor reviews of their outcome…