Search results for "Review"
showing 10 items of 4492 documents
Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease
2020
The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body’s molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of …
COVID Obesity: A One-Year Narrative Review
2021
On 11 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). This study focuses on a narrative review about the illness during the first year of the pandemic in relation to obesity. Databases were used to search studies published up to 8 December 2020. In total, 4430 articles and other scientific literature were found, and 24 articles were included in this one-year narrative review. The mean BMI value of severe COVID-19 patients ranged from 24.5 to 33.4 kg/m2, versus 2 for non-severe patients. Articles using the terms obesity or overweight without indicating the BMI value in these patients were common, but this is not useful, as the a…
Lihavuus terveyden, sairauden ja normaaliuden määrittelyn kohteena
2018
Lihavuudesta ja lihavasta ruumiista on tullut viimeistään viime vuosikymmenen niin kutsutun lihavuusepidemiadiskurssin myötä keskeinen paitsi lääketieteellisen myös sosiaalisen ja moraalisen arvioinnin, yhteiskunnallisen keskustelun ja toimintaohjelmien kohde. Tässä katsausartikkelissa tarkastellaan ruumiin koon ja erityisesti lihavuuden määrittelyä. Artikkelissa eritellään ruumiin koon ja koon määrittelyn taustoja ja perusteita, ruumiin kokoon ja painoon liittyvää valtarakenteita, tiedontuotantoa, kulttuurisia ja sosiaalisia tekijöitä, ja niiden vaikutuksia. Artikkelissa lihavuuden normalisaatiopyrkimykset kytketään medikalisaatiokehitykseen, terveysaatteeseen ja uusliberaaliin eetokseen. …
Intermittent Fasting and the Possible Benefits in Obesity, Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
2021
Intermittent fasting has become popular in recent years and is controversially presented as a possible therapeutic adjunct. A bibliographic review of the literature on intermittent fasting and obesity, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis was carried out. The scientific quality of the methodology and the results obtained were evaluated in pairs. Intermittent fasting has beneficial effects on the lipid profile, and it is associated with weight loss and a modification of the distribution of abdominal fat in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes as well as an improvement in the control of glycemic levels. In patients with multiple sclerosis, the data available are too scarce to draw any firm con…
Lipoprotein Subfractions in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Approaches
2013
Small, dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) represents an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, since these particles can be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independently of established risk factors, including plasma lipids. Obese subjects frequently have atherogenic dyslipidaemia, including elevated sdLDL levels, in addition to elevated triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein-B, as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Obesity-related co-morbidities, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) are also characterized by dyslipidaemia. Therefore, agents that favourably modulate LDL subclasses may be of clinical value in t…
Obesity and diabetes-Not only a simple link between two epidemics
2018
Summary Diabetes (DM) as well as obesity, due to their increasing incidence, were recognized as epidemic by the World Health Organization. Obesity is involved not only in the aetiopathogenesis of the most common worldwide type of DM—type 2 diabetes—but also in the development of its complications. There is also increasing scientific evidence regarding the role of obesity and overweight in type 1 diabetes. Weight gain may be considered as a complication of insulin treatment but also reveals significant pathophysiological impact on various stages of the disease. Another very important aspect related to DM as well as obesity is the microbiome, which is highly variable. The function of the gut …
L'alimentation au grand âge : les normes, habitudes et préférences en évolution. 3 questions à Claire Sulmont-Rossé
2018
National audience
Developing an open science mindset.
2022
Background: Identification of widespread biases present in reported research findings in many scientific disciplines, including psychology, such as failures to replicate and the likely extensive application of questionable research practices, has raised serious concerns over the reliability and trustworthiness of scientific research. This has led to the development of, and advocacy for, ‘open science’ practices, including data, materials, analysis, and output sharing, pre-registration of study predictions and analysis plans, and increased access to published research findings. Implementation of such practices has been enthusiastic in some quarters, but literacy in, and adoption of, these pr…
Kotimaiset tieteelliset julkaisut ja avoimuus
2020
This study examines open access availability and self-archiving policies of 336 Finnish peer reviewed journals and serials which are classified at levels 1 to 3 in national Publication Forum. The study concludes that 53 % of Finnish peer reviewed publication channels are open access and 12 % of non-open access publication channels have defined their green open access policy to allow self-archiving. 6 % of publications practice delayed open access model and 2 % hybrid model. The study also concludes that only a small group of Finnish peer reviewed journals meet the focal Plan S requirements. peerReviewed
Effects of school-based physical activity on mathematics performance in children: a systematic review
2019
AbstractBackgroundThe benefits of physical activity (PA) on children’s health and wellbeing are well established. However, the benefits of PA on academic performance and particularly on mathematics performance warrant systematic analysis. Mathematics is one of the core subjects in school education globally.MethodsWe systematically searched, analysed and synthesized the literature on the effects of school-based PA interventions on mathematics performance in children aged 4–16. A total of 29 studies consisting of randomised trials and other interventions with control groups were identified through a systematic search, and 11 of them provided sufficient data and appropriate design for a meta-a…