Search results for "Risk Analysis"
showing 10 items of 375 documents
Why is genetic modification of interest or why can it be useful?
2020
Abstract The genetic modification is a widely debated topic. Pros and cons are substantiated with scientific results or by biased interpretation of experimental results and potential hazards. Genetic modification is a naturally occurring phenomenon. Basic research type of application of genetic modification is teaching us important lessons about the implication of genes in every aspects of life. The applied research–related genetic modifications are offering unprecedented solutions to make plants, animals, and microorganisms bring more benefits, while their impact on environment and human health once they are released into field or get introduced into the food chain needs case-to-case asses…
Deep uncertainty in humanitarian logistics operations: decision-making challenges in responding to large-scale natural disasters
2019
Humanitarian logistics operations perform challenging tasks while responding to large-scale natural disasters. Decision makers at different stages of humanitarian operations exploit numerous problem-specific decision-making models or tools. When synchronising the outputs (decisions) from models into a unified solution, the situation becomes critical because of the lack of consensus on objectives and the availability of model alternatives with uncertainty in the models' key parameters and evaluation of the models' alternative outcomes. Thus, the operational environment becomes complex to respond urgently to humanitarian needs and makes the situation deeply uncertain. In this paper, we inspec…
Managing in-country transportation risks in humanitarian supply chains by logistics service providers: Insights from the 2015 Nepal earthquake
2017
International audience; Humanitarian supply chains (HSCs) play a central role in effective and efficient disaster relief operations. Transportation has a critical share in HSCs and managing its risks helps to avoid further disruptions in relief operations. However, there is no common approach to or culture of risk management that its applicability has been studied through recent cases. This paper incorporates an empirical research design and makes a threefold contribution: first, it identifies in-country transportation risks during Nepal response. Second, we evaluate afore identified risks through an expert driven risk assessment grid. Third, we use our field data to study how some humanita…
Valuing the effects of urban road-network projects: a methodological proposal
2006
This paper proposes a methodology for the valuation of the urban environment. It tries to answer questions and problems that derive from new road installations, or functional requalifications in existing road infrastructures, in accordance with specific practices already well-known as Urban Impact Assessment (UIA). More generally, the objective of the urban impact assessment consists of valuing the possibilities to localize urban installations, also considering both their economic and social effects, as well as identifying potential dangers to the environment, intended in a general sense. This kind of valuation distinguishes from the traditional environmental impact valuation (e.g., applied…
Collaboration and Decision Making in Crisis Situations
2016
[EN] Emergencies are critical situations that demand immediate action to avoid adverse consequences to life and property. Recent events around the world highlight the importance of the theme. A key challenge in Emergency Management is decision-making under time pressure, with an overload of unconfirmed, uncertain and conflicting information, including the management of many people, with distinct and possibly fluid roles, in different places. Collaboration in these settings is an interesting element, since emergency response generally involves multiple agencies and the public, which, having different views, protocols and priorities, must act in concert to handle the situation. In addition, a…
Current trends in biocompatibility testing
1998
Biocompatibility remains the central theme for biomaterials applications in medicine. It is generally accepted that this term means not only absence of a cytotoxic effect but also positive effects in the sense of biofunctionality, i.e. promotion of biological processes which further the intended aim of the application of a biomaterial. The national and international standards for testing regimes represent a lowest common denominator for such applications and do not necessarily ensure that optimal function will be achieved. The authors' thesis is that biocompatibility testing has scope for extensive development with respect to biofunctionality. The present paper reviews current trends in the…
Towards a System to Monitor the Virus’s Aerosol-Type Spreading
2021
Recent scientific studies indicate that attention should be paid to the indoor spread of the Covid-19 virus. It is recommended to reduce the number of visitors to the premises and to provide frequent ventilation of the premises. The problem is that it is not known what the risk of infection is in a particular room at a specific time, when and what actions should be taken to reduce the risk. We offer a system that helps monitor the conditions in the premises with the help of sensors, calculate the risk of infection and provide information to reduce the infection risk. We give an insight into the created prototype with data collection from public spaces and data visualization according to use…
Aligning Two Specifications for Controlling Information Security
2014
Assuring information security is a necessity in modern organizations. Many recommendations for information security management exist, which can be used to define a baseline of information security requirements. ISO/ IEC 27001 prescribes a process for an information security management system, and guidance to implement security controls is provided in ISO/IEC 27002. Finnish National Security Auditing Criteria (KATAKRI) has been developed by the national authorities in Finland as a tool to verify maturity of information security practices. KATAKRI defines both security control objectives and security controls to meet an objective. Here the authors compare and align these two specifications in…
A formal model based on Game Theory for the analysis of cooperation in distributed service discovery
2016
New systems can be designed, developed, and managed as societies of agents that interact with each other by offering and providing services. These systems can be viewed as complex networks where nodes are bounded rational agents. In order to deal with complex goals, they require cooperation of the other agents to be able to locate the required services. The aim of this paper is formally and empirically analyze under which circumstances cooperation emerges in decentralized search of services. We propose a repeated game model that formalizes the interactions among agents in a search process where agents are free to choose between cooperate or not in the process. Agents make decisions based on…
Asset and Liability Modelling for Participating Policies with Guarantee
2008
We study the problem of asset and liability management of participating insurance policies with guarantees. We develop a scenario optimization model for integrative asset and liability management, analyze the tradeoffs in structuring such policies, and study alternative choices in funding them. The nonlinearly constrained optimization model can be linearized through closed form solutions of the dynamic equations. Thus large-scale problems are solved with standard methods. We report on an empirical analysis of policies offered by Italian insurers. The optimized model results are in general agreement with current industry practices. However, some inefficiencies are identified and potential im…