Search results for "Risk Factor"
showing 10 items of 4321 documents
Papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the volcanic area of Sicily.
2009
Abstract BACKGROUND: The steadily increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been attributed mostly to more sensitive thyroid nodule screening. However, various environmental factors, such as those associated with volcanic areas, cannot be excluded as risk factors. We evaluated thyroid cancer incidence in Sicily, which has a homogenous population and a province (Catania) that includes the Mt Etna volcanic area. METHODS: In a register-based epidemiological survey, we collected all incident thyroid cancers in Sicily from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2004. The age-standardized incidence rate for the world population (ASR(w)) was calculated and expressed as the number of thyroid cancer…
Hypochondriasis, Somatoform Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
2012
The question of whether hypochondriasis (HYP) should be considered a somatoform disorder (SFD) or classified as an anxiety disorder (ANX) has recently been raised. To empirically provide information on this issue, we compared patients with HYP (n = 65) with those with other SFDs (n = 94) and those with ANX (n = 224) regarding sociodemographic and biographical variables, general psychopathology, and naturalistic cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment effects. Compared with SFD, patients with HYP were younger and had fewer comorbid affective disorders and less impaired life domains, suggesting a closer connection between HYP and ANX. Regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment effects, a…
The structure and correlates of self-injurious behavior in an institutional setting
2001
The prevalence of self-injurious behavior (SIB) in an institution for people with mental retardation was investigated. The relationship between SIB and age, sex, level of retardation, length of institutionalization, adaptive behavior, and probable causes of mental retardation was examined. A factor analysis on the topographies of SIB indicated the existence of two forms of SIB, stereotyped and social. The results are discussed in terms of probable causes of SIB.
Sibship size, birth order and psychotic experiences: Evidence from 43 low- and middle-income countries.
2018
Background: Sibship size and birth order may be contributing factors to the multifactorial etiology of psychosis. Specifically, several studies have shown that sibship size and birth order are associated with schizophrenia. However, there are no studies on their association with psychotic experiences (PE). Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based data from 43 low- and middle-income countries which participated in the World Health Survey were analyzed. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to identify four types of past 12-month PE. The association of sibship size and birth order with PE was assessed with multivariable logistic regression. Results: The final sample consi…
Examining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: Findings from the EUGEI study
2022
The EUGEI project was supported by the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program under grant agreement No. HEALTH-F2- 2009-241909 (Project EU-GEI). Dr. Arango was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SAM16-PE07CP1, PI16/02012, PI19/024); CIBERSAM (...)
ErbB4 genotype predicts left frontotemporal structural connectivity in human brain.
2008
Diminished left frontotemporal connectivity is among the most frequently reported findings in schizophrenia and there is evidence that altered neuronal myelination may in part account for this deficit. Several investigations have suggested that variations of the genes that encode the Neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-ErbB4 receptor complex are associated with schizophrenia illness. As NRG1--ErbB4 has been implicated in neuronal myelination, we investigated with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) whether fractional anisotropy (FA)--a putative measure of neuronal myelination--is predicted by a risk haplotype of the ErbB4 gene. The effects of the ErbB4 genotype were investigated in healthy subjects (N=59; mean …
Diabetes mellitus prevalence and control in sleep-disordered breathing: The European Sleep Apnea Cohort (ESADA) study
2014
BACKGROUND: OSA is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity. A driver of this is metabolic dysfunction and in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Prior studies identifying a link between OSA and T2DM have excluded subjects with undiagnosed T2DM, and there is a lack of population-level data on the interaction between OSA and glycemic control among patients with diabetes. We assessed the relationship between OSA severity and T2DM prevalence and control in a large multinational population.METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 6,616 participants in the European Sleep Apnea Cohort (ESADA) study, using multivariate regression analysis to assess T2DM prev…
The Influence of the Primary Tumor on the Long-term Results of Pulmonary Metastasectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
2011
OBJECTIVE To investigate one of the primary tumor (PT) on pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to define prognostic factors. METHODS Retrospective review of patients with pulmonary metastases from RCC from January 1999 through December 2008 was performed. All patients underwent PM with curative intend. TNM-classification, tumor stage and PT grade, disease-free-interval (DFI) from nephrectomy to the diagnosis of metastasis, systemic chemotherapy before surgical intervention, surgical procedures, morbidity, mortality, and survival were investigated. RESULTS One-hundred seven consecutive patients (age 61.5 ± 9.6 years) underwent PM. Morbidity and mortalit…
The Lack of the Bronchoprotective and Not the Bronchodilatory Ability of Deep Inspiration Is Associated with Airway Hyperresponsiveness
2001
In healthy subjects, deep inspiration (DI) acts both as a bronchodilator and a bronchoprotector. The latter is impaired in asthmatics. We have now evaluated whether the lack of bronchoprotection is related to bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and whether the bronchodilatory effect is also lost in asthmatics. Ten healthy subjects (PC20 > 75 mg/ml), 12 asthmatics with moderate to severe BHR (PC20 < 1 mg/ml), 14 asthmatics with mild to borderline BHR (1 < PC20 < 25 mg/ml), and 10 rhinitics with mild to borderline BHR (1 < PC20 < 25 mg/ml) underwent single-dose methacholine provocations inducing at least 20% reduction in FEV1 after 20 min of DI inhibition. To measure the bronchodilatory effe…
18-yr cumulative incidence of respiratory/allergic symptoms/diseases and risk factors in the Pisa epidemiological study
2019
Abstract Background Few population-based studies on the effects of environmental exposure variation exist. Aim Assessing respiratory symptom/disease incidence related to risk factor exposure changes. Methods A longitudinal general population sample from two surveys (PISA2:1991–1993; PISA3:2009–2011; no. = 970), aged ≥20 years at baseline, completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms/diseases, risk factor exposure and performed spirometry. 18-year follow-up cumulative incidence of respiratory symptoms/diseases and longitudinal changes (persistence, incidence, remittance) in risk factor exposure were computed. Results Cumulative incidence values were: 3.2% (corresponding to a 1.8‰/year i…