Search results for "Risk"

Kouluiän lukutaito lapsilla, joilla on suvussa kulkeva lukivaikeusriski – ennustajat, kehitys ja lopputulema

2017

Lectio praecursoria Suomalaisnuorten lukutaidon taso ja siinä tapahtuneet muutokset ovat saaneet viime vuosina kiitettävästi julkisuutta. Erityisesti kansainvälisen OECD-järjestön eri maiden kansallisten koulutusjärjestelmien vertailuun suunniteltu PISA-tutkimus on ollut paljon otsikoissa. Peruskoulunsa päättävien viisitoistavuotiaitten suomalais-nuorten vuodesta 2006 alkanut laskeva trendi oppimistuloksissa on ymmärrettävästi herättänyt laajasti huolta. Pudotukset pistemäärissä ovat olleet noin 20 pisteen luokkaa kymmenen viime vuoden aikana.Pistemäärien heikkenemisestä huolimatta suomalaisnuoret saivat viimeisimmässä, vuoden 2015 PISA-lukutaitoarvioinnissa keskimäärin 526 pistettä ja maan…

Seksuaalisuus ja seksuaaliset riskitilanteet 7. ja 9. luokkalaisten nuorten kuvaamina ja suosituksia koulun seksuaalikasvatukseen

2006

Taantuma-ajan nuorten odotuksia tulevaisuuden työelämästään Nuorisobarometri 2009:n mukaan

2013

Tutkielman aiheena on tarkastella mitä taantuma-ajan nuorten 15-29-vuotiaiden sukupolvi ajattelee tulevaisuuden työelämästään. Tässä tutkimuksessa on kyse vuonna 2008 alkaneesta taloudellisesta taantumasta joka vaikuttaa niin Suomessa kuin globaalistikin. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kvantitatiivisilla tutkimusmenetelmillä Nuorisobarometri 2009 -aineistoa, josta tarkastellaan nuorten mielipiteitä jatkuvan uudelleen kouluttautumisen ja työpaikan pysyvyyden suhteen. Taustamuuttujina tarkastellaan niin nuorten ikää, sukupuolta, koulutustasoa kuin äidinkin koulutustasoa tavoitteena etsiä eroja erilaisten nuorten välillä, sillä nuorisoa ei voi pitää mitenkään homogeenisenä joukkona. Tutkimuksen p…

Ankle-Brachial Index and Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index and their association with cardiorespiratory fitness and leisure-time physical activity in men w…

2017

Nilkka-olkavarsipainesuhteen ja verisuonten jäykkyyden yhteys hengitys- ja verenkiertoelimistön kuntoon sekä vapaa-ajan fyysiseen aktiivisuuteen tyypin 1 diabetesta sairastavilla miehillä. Johdanto. Tyypin 1 diabetesta sairastavilla valtimosairauksien riski on huomattavasti kohonnut verrattuna henkilöihin, joilla ei ole diabetesta. Fyysisen aktiivisuuden on osoitettu olevan yhteydessä matalampaan sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien riskiin, minkä takia fyysisen aktiivisuuden lisääminen voisi auttaa tyypin 1 diabeetikkojen sairastumisriskin hallitsemisessa. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli vertailla nilkka-olkavarsipainesuhdetta (ABI) ja valtimoiden jäykkyyttä CAVI-indeksillä mitattuna tyypin 1 diabetes…

Anthropometric Indicators as a Tool for Diagnosis of Obesity and Other Health Risk Factors: A Literature Review

2021

[EN] Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of an excessive amount of fat mass (FM) in the adipose tissue, subcutaneous, or inside certain organs. The risk does not lie so much in the amount of fat accumulated as in its distribution. Abdominal obesity (central or visceral) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer, having an important role in the so-called metabolic syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent, detect, and appropriately treat obesity. The diagnosis is based on anthropometric indices that have been associated with adiposity and its distribution. Indices themselves, or a combination of some of them, conform to a big picture with di…

Impact of Obesity in Kidney Diseases.

2021

The clinical consequences of obesity on the kidneys, with or without metabolic abnormalities, involve both renal function and structures. The mechanisms linking obesity and renal damage are well understood, including several effector mechanisms with interconnected pathways. Higher prevalence of urinary albumin excretion, sub-nephrotic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, increased risk of developing CKD, and progression to ESKD have been identified as being associated with obesity and having a relevant clinical impact. Moreover, renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation are also influenced by obesity. Losing weight is key in limiting the impact that obesity produces on the kidneys by reduc…

Innovations in Infant Feeding: Future Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity and Cardiometabolic Disease

2020

The field of nutrition in early life, as an effective tool to prevent and treat chronic diseases, has attracted a large amount of interest over recent years. The vital roles of food products and nutrients on the body’s molecular mechanisms have been demonstrated. The knowledge of the mechanisms and the possibility of controlling them via what we eat has opened up the field of precision nutrition, which aims to set dietary strategies in order to improve health with the greatest effectiveness. However, this objective is achieved only if the genetic profile of individuals and their living conditions are also considered. The relevance of this topic is strengthened considering the importance of …

The association of cannabis use with fast-food consumption, overweight, and obesity among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 28 countries

2022

Background: Cannabis legalization and use have risen globally. However, the association between cannabis use, eating behaviors and body weight among adolescents is yet unexplored. Objectives: This study examined the association between cannabis use, fast-food consumption, overweight and obesity in 28 countries using data from the 2010–2016 Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression and meta-analysis were performed among a sample of 83,726 adolescents (48.7% females) aged 12–15 years, mean (SD) age of 13.8 (0.9) years. Results: The overall prevalence of cannabis use (in past 30 days) and fast-food consumption (in past 7 days) were 2.8% and 57.3% res…

Risk Factors for COVID-19: Diabetes, Hypertension, and Obesity

2021

Introduction: The recent global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has involved more than 7 million people worldwide and been associated with more than 400,000 deaths. No clear information is known about all the potential risk factors for COVID-19 or what factors adversely influence its clinical course and mortality. Therefore, we analyzed the role of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension as risk factors for COVID-19. Methods: We identified articles for inclusion by searching PubMed and Google Scholar (last accessed 15 June 2020). Retrospective review of literature. Analysis of epidemiological data co…

Lipoprotein Subfractions in Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Clinical Significance and Therapeutic Approaches

2013

Small, dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) represents an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, since these particles can be associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independently of established risk factors, including plasma lipids. Obese subjects frequently have atherogenic dyslipidaemia, including elevated sdLDL levels, in addition to elevated triglycerides (TG), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein-B, as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Obesity-related co-morbidities, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) are also characterized by dyslipidaemia. Therefore, agents that favourably modulate LDL subclasses may be of clinical value in t…