Search results for "Rodent"
showing 10 items of 199 documents
Développement postnatal et évolution du complexe craniofacial chezles rongeurs
2022
Understanding developmental mechanisms in evolution is crucial to apprehend the diversification of organismal forms. In mammals, changes occur during all development phases (prenatal and postnatal). Postnatal growth plays an essential role in the acquisition of the adult shape. During this period, the craniofacial complex undergoes many changes in functional constraint forcing the different tissue to accommodate while adjusting, along the growth and at the adult stage, to a certain level of functional performance. These different developmental interactions respond to several influencing factors such as molecular, genetic and cellular processes but also the environment. The latter will play …
[Norovirus infections: an overview]
2010
National audience; Noroviruses belong to the Caliciviridae family. They are a major cause of sporadic cases and outbreaks of gastroenteritis in all age groups, and are responsible for a considerable disease burden in industrialized countries. Noroviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses, and show great genetic diversity making their detection difficult. Noroviruses can be divided into 5 genogroups, which themselves are subdivided into genotypes. Besides chance mutations that occur during viral replication, the great heterogeneity observed among noroviruses is also due to intra and inter-genotypic recombination events between strains. Some of these new variants or new recombinants are frequen…
Mise en évidence de transporteurs de la résistance pléiotropique dans la muqueuse olfactive et leur implication dans la réponse aux odorants chez les…
2011
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a property of various cells associated with the capacity to reject or efflux a wide range of potentially harmful substances out of the cell. Pumps that effect such efflux are membrane proteins and belong to the ATP- binding cassette (ABC) superfamily. Among the members of the ABC family two are conferring MDR, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1). In this study we investigated the functional activity of MDR transporters in olfactory mucosa of two species, rat and mouse. We used the fluorometric calcein-AM uptake assay on olfactory mucosal slices incubated with specific inhibitors of the MDR-transporters, verapamil and cycl…
Toward evidence-based severity assessment in rat models with repeated seizures: II. Chemical post-status epilepticus model.
2019
Objective: Considering the complexity of neuronal circuits and their epilepsy-associated alterations, epilepsy models cannot be completely replaced by in vitro experimental approaches. Decisions about ethical approval of in vivo studies require a thorough weighing of the animal's burden and the benefit regarding the expected gain in knowledge. Methods: Based on combined behavioral, biochemical, and physiological analyses, we assessed the impact on animal well-being and condition in different phases of the pilocarpine post–status epilepticus (SE) model in rats. Results: As a consequence of SE, increased levels of impairment were evident in the early postinsult phase and late chronic phase, w…
Data from: Temporal dynamics of Puumala hantavirus infection in cyclic populations of bank voles
2017
Understanding the dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in their reservoir host populations is a prerequisite for predicting and preventing human disease epidemics. The human infection risk of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV) is highest in northern Europe, where populations of the rodent host (bank vole, Myodes glareolus) undergo cyclic fluctuations. We conducted a 7-year capture-mark-recapture study to monitor seasonal and multiannual patterns of the PUUV infection rate in bank vole populations exhibiting a 3-year density cycle. Infected bank voles were most abundant in mid-winter months during years of increasing or peak host density. Prevalence of PUUV infection in bank voles exhibited a regular, seas…
The Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay in Nanotoxicological Research—An Alternative for In Vivo Experimentation
2020
Nanomaterials unveil many applicational possibilities for technical and medical purposes, which range from imaging techniques to the use as drug carriers. Prior to any human application, analysis of undesired effects and characterization of their toxicological profile is mandatory. To address this topic, animal models, and rodent models in particular, are most frequently used. However, as the reproducibility and transferability to the human organism of animal experimental data is increasingly questioned and the awareness of animal welfare in society increases at the same time, methodological alternatives are urgently required. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is an increasingly popu…
2022
The quality of wintering habitats, such as depth of snow cover, plays a key role in sustaining population dynamics of Arctic lemmings. However, few studies so far investigated habitat use during the Arctic winter. Here, we used a unique long-term time series to test whether lemmings are associated with topographical and vegetational habitat features for their wintering sites. We examined yearly numbers and distribution of 22 769 winter nests of the collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus (Traill, 1823) from an ongoing long-term research on Traill Island, Northeast Greenland, collected between 1989 and 2019, and correlated this information with data on dominant vegetation types, elevatio…
Different demography of friends and strangers: an experiment on the impact of kinship and familiarity in Clethrionomys glareolus.
1989
We examined demographic effects of familiarity and relatedness in the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber) in four 0.5-ha enclosures in Central Finland. In two enclosures were mature voles which had overwintered together and some of their mature off-spring (hereafter referred to as “Friends”), and in the other two individuals of the same species captured from different localities near the study area (“Strangers”). The experiment lasted from June to September. The populations of Friends reached densities twice as high as those of Strangers with a significantly higher rate of recruitment and survival of the young. This may have been due to mutual familiarity decreasing antagonism towa…
Pre- and Postnatal Predator Cues Shape Offspring Anti-predatory Behavior Similarly in the Bank Vole
2021
Prey animals can assess the risks predators present in different ways. For example, direct cues produced by predators can be used, but also signals produced by prey conspecifics that have engaged in non-lethal predator-prey interactions. These non-lethal interactions can thereby affect the physiology, behavior, and survival of prey individuals, and may affect offspring performance through maternal effects. We investigated how timing of exposure to predation-related cues during early development affects offspring behavior after weaning. Females in the laboratory were exposed during pregnancy or lactation to one of three odor treatments: (1) predator odor (PO) originating from their most comm…
New rodent faunas from Middle Miocene and Mio- Pliocene in the Cabriel Basin (Valencia, Spain)
2011
Five new localities with micromammal remains have been located in the Cabriel Basin. These localities are situated in the eastern area of the Cabriel Basin, in the Juan Vich ravine, where the oldest deposits of this basin crop out. The localities JV2, JV3 and JV6 are of Middle Miocene age, JVTLI1 of Middle Miocene or Late Miocene age and JVTS1 of Late Miocene or Early Pliocene age. The beginning of the sedimentary history of the basin was attributed to Late Turolian (Late Miocene). The new sedimentary record from the Juan Vich ravine and the mammalian findings extend the stratigraphic and paleontological knowledge of the Basin.