Search results for "Rodentia"
showing 10 items of 62 documents
The ecomorphology of southern African rodent incisors: Potential applications to the hominin fossil record.
2018
AbstractThe taxonomic identification of mammalian fauna within fossil assemblages is a well-established component of paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, many fragmentary specimens recovered from fossil sites are often disregarded as they can be difficult to identify with the precision required for taxonomic methods. For this reason, the large numbers of isolated rodent incisors that are often recovered from hominin fossil bearing sites have generally been seen as offering little interpretive value. Ecomorphological analysis, often referred to as a “taxon-free” method, can potentially circumvent this problem by focusing on the adaptive, rather than the taxonomic significance of rode…
A moderate diet restriction during pregnancy alters the levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related lipids in the hypothalamus, hippocampu…
2017
Existe para su consulta material suplementario aportado por el editor. Undernutrition during pregnancy has been associated to increased vulnerability to develop metabolic and behavior alterations later in life. The endocannabinoid system might play an important role in these processes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a moderate maternal calorie-restricted diet on the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), arachidonic acid (AA) and the N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) in the brain of newborn rat offspring. We focused on brain structures involved in metabolism, feeding behavior, as well as em…
Gut microbiota steroid sexual dimorphism and its impact on gonadal steroids: influences of obesity and menopausal status
2020
[Background]: Gonadal steroid hormones have been suggested as the underlying mechanism responsible for the sexual dimorphism observed in metabolic diseases. Animal studies have also evidenced a causal role of the gut microbiome and metabolic health. However, the role of sexual dimorphism in the gut microbiota and the potential role of the microbiome in influencing sex steroid hormones and shaping sexually dimorphic susceptibility to disease have been largely overlooked. Although there is some evidence of sex-specific differences in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functionality, the results are inconsistent. Importantly, most of these studies have not taken into account the go…
Hibernation impact on the catalytic activities of the mitochondrial D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in liver and brain tissues of jerboa (Jaculus o…
2003
Abstract Background Jerboa (Jaculus orientalis) is a deep hibernating rodent native to subdesert highlands. During hibernation, a high level of ketone bodies i.e. acetoacetate (AcAc) and D-3-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) are produced in liver, which are used in brain as energetic fuel. These compounds are bioconverted by mitochondrial D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) E.C. 1.1.1.30. Here we report, the function and the expression of BDH in terms of catalytic activities, kinetic parameters, levels of protein and mRNA in both tissues i.e brain and liver, in relation to the hibernating process. Results We found that: 1/ In euthemic jerboa the specific activity in liver is 2.4- and 6.4- fold high…
Numerical solution of a spatio-temporal gender-structured model for hantavirus infection in rodents.
2017
In this article we describe the transmission dynamics of hantavirus in rodents using a spatio-temporal susceptible-exposed-infective-recovered (SEIR) compartmental model that distinguishes between male and female subpopulations [L.J.S. Allen, R.K. McCormack and C.B. Jonsson, Bull. Math. Biol. 68 (2006), 511--524]. Both subpopulations are assumed to differ in their movement with respect to local variations in the densities of their own and the opposite gender group. Three alternative models for the movement of the male individuals are examined. In some cases the movement is not only directed by the gradient of a density (as in the standard diffusive case), but also by a non-local convolution…
Changes of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism during cold acclimatization in hibernating jerboa (Jaculus orientalis)
2003
Abstract Jerboa (Jaculus orientalis) is a deep hibernator originating from sub-desert highlands and represents an excellent model to help to understand the incidence of seasonal variations of food intake and of body as well as environmental temperatures on lipid metabolism. In jerboa, hibernation processes are characterized by changes in the size of mitochondria, the number of peroxisomes in liver and in the expression of enzymes linked to fatty acid metabolism. In liver and kidney, cold acclimatization shows an opposite effect on the activities of the mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (–50%) and the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) (+50%), while in brown and white adipose tissues, bot…
Detection of flap venous and arterial occlusion using interstitial glucose monitoring in a rodent model.
2010
Background: Free tissue transfer necessitates vigilant postoperative monitoring for vessel occlusion. Unfortunately, most monitoring methods require experienced personnel and are expensive to use. Furthermore, many tests have low sensitivity, low specificity, or significant delay between vessel occlusion and detection. The authors report on a novel method of tissue monitoring that avoids these limitations by tracking interstitial glucose concentration. Methods: Vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps were elevated in adult rats based on the superior epigastric vessels. Interstitial glucose within the flaps was monitored using a transcutaneous sensor. Interstitial glucose was recorded f…
Hypsodont Myomiminae (Gliridae, Rodentia) from five new localities in the Lower Miocene Tudela Formation (Bardenas Reales, Ebro Basin, Spain) and the…
2012
The hypsodont Myomiminae Daams, 1981 (Gliridae) from the lower part of the Tudela Formation (Ebro Basin) are described. Five localities (CH1, CA2, CA3, CA4 and CC1) of this formation contain remains of the hypsodont genus Armantomy de Bruijn, 1966 and CC1 has also yielded Praearmantomys de Bruijn, 1966. Despite the poor material, we can identify the taxa A. cf. bijmai, A. daamsi (de Visser in Álvarez-Sierra, Daams, Lacomba, López Martínez, Van Der Meulen, Sesé & De Visser, 1991), A. cf. parsani, A. cf. jasperi and cf. P.crusafonti, which are characteristic of the Agenian and Ramblian continental stages. These data allow identification of the Agenian-Ramblian boundary in the Tudela Formation…
Can we understand human brain development from experimental studies in rodents?
2020
Animal models are needed to gain an understanding of the genetic, molecular, cellular, and network mechanisms of human brain development. In rodents, a large spectrum of in vitro and in vivo approaches allows detailed analyses and specific experimental manipulations for studying the sequence of developmental steps in corticogenesis. Neurogenesis, neuronal migration, cellular differentiation, programmed cell death, synaptogenesis, and myelination are surprisingly similar in the rodent cortex and the human cortex. Spontaneous EEG activity in the pre- and early postnatal human cortex resembles the activity patterns recorded with intracortical multi-electrode arrays in newborn rodents. This ear…
Enriched Environments for Rodents and their Interaction with Nicotine Administration
2012
An active lifestyle throughout the life cycle seems to delay cognitive aging and dementia and has also been evaluated as an intervention against addiction to cocaine and other drugs of abuse. In epidemiological studies with humans, it has proved difficult to separate the cognitive, social and physical components from other variables that influence lifestyle. Studies in animal models are useful for evaluating the impact of each of these factors and for uncovering the underlying mechanisms of the benefits of complex environments. Preclinical studies have employed the Environmental Enrichment paradigm (EE) which has been proposed as a preclinical model of positive life experiences in humans. E…