Search results for "Root"
showing 10 items of 1237 documents
Development of the adhesive pad on climbing fig (Ficus pumila) stems from clusters of adventitious roots
2003
Vines have different climbing strategies; one type, called clinging vines, has developed a specialized structure, the adhesive pad that secretes a sticky substance that adheres to almost any substrate. In this study on the climbing fig, Ficus pumila L., we report on the developmental anatomy of clusters of adventitious roots that become transformed into this unique structure. Clustered adventitious roots in F. pumila are initiated in pairs on either side of a vascular bundle at the 2nd to 3rd internodes of young stems. After emergence through the cortex and epidermis, root hairs form, which secrete a substance that stains positively for polysaccharide and protein. The adventitious roots and…
A new oleanane glycoside from the roots ofAstragalus caprinus
2006
A novel oleanane-type triterpene saponin (1) together with two known molecules, soyasapogenol B and astragaloside VIII were isolated from the roots of Astragalus caprinus. Their structural elucidation was performed mainly by 2D NMR techniques (COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC) and mass spectrometry. Compound 1 was determined as 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl]-22-O-beta-D-apiofuranosyl-soyasapogenol B.
Acylated triterpene saponins from the roots of Securidaca longepedunculata.
2009
Abstract Four triterpene saponins , 3- O -β- d -glucopyranosylpresenegenin 28- O -β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-{4- O -[( E )-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl]}-β- d -fucopyranosyl ester, 3- O -β- d -glucopyranosylpresenegenin 28- O -β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[(6- O -acetyl)-β- d -glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-{4- O -[( E )-3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamoyl]}-β- d -fucopyranosyl ester, 3- O -β- d -glucopyranosylpresenegenin 28- O -β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)-β- d -xylopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[β- d -apiofuranosyl-(1 → 3)]-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(…
Degradation of stilbene-type phytoalexins in relation to the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea to grapevines
1996
The ability of eight isolates of Botrytis cinerea to degrade the stilbene phytoalexins, resveratrol and pterostilbene, was compared with their pathogenicity to grapevines. All strains which degraded resveratrol and pterostilbene were highly or moderately pathogenic to in vitro cultures of grapevines (Vitis rupestris) after inoculation with agar disks containing mycelium, while those which were unable to degrade phytoalexins were non-pathogenic. In all cases, the hydroxystilbene-degrading activity was related to the presence of laccase activity in the culture filtrates, as shown by using syringaldazine as substrate. The role of laccase-mediated degradation of phytoalexins in relation to path…
Micropropagation of Metrosideros excelsa
2008
Multiple shoots were induced on stem segments of a 8-year-old plant of Metrosideros excelsa Sol ex Gaertn. ‘Parnel’. Axillary shoots produced on uncontaminated explants were excised, segmented and recultured in the same medium to increase the stock of shoot cultures. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, augmented with different concentrations of 2- isopenthenyladenine (2iP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), either singly or in combinations, as potential medium for shoot multiplication by nodal segments was tested. In the following experiment equal molar concentrations of four cytokinins [2iP, kinetin, zeatin and N6-benzyladenine (BA)] in combination with equal molar concentrations of three au…
A new dibenzofuran and other constituents from Ligularia caloxantha, a Chinese medicinal plant.
2008
A new dibenzofuran named 1,2,4-trimethyl-7,8-dimethoxy-dibenzofuran (1), together with seven known compounds, euparin (2), 2,5-diacetyl-6-hydroxy-benzofuran (3), 2-acetyl-5,6-dimethoxy-benzofuran (4), gummosogenin (5), lupeol (6), stigmasterol (7) and (E)-2,5-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid (8), were isolated from the roots of Ligularia caloxantha, a Chinese medicinal plant. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Cutting Type and IBA Treatment Duration Affect <i>Teucrium fruticans</i> Adventitious Root Quality
2014
Root development of stem cuttings of Silver Germander (Teucrium fruticans) was investigated in relation to cutting type and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatment. Terminal cuttings of a clone grown in Sicily were trimmed to three types: terminal cuttings with apex (TWA), terminal cuttings without apex (TWOA) or sub-terminal cuttings (ST). To verify the cutting response to exogenous auxin, cuttings were dipped to a 2.0 cm depth in a 0.5% indole-3-butyric acid solution for 0, 5 or 7 minutes. Overall percent survival was 97 to 98%. Rooting percent, root number and root length were affected by cutting type and indole-3-butyric acid treatment. In general, TWA cuttings demonstrated a higher capac…
Improved micropropagation in Polygala myrtifolia
2004
Stem segments from apical shoot tips of Polygala myrtifolia were used as primary explants to establish in vitro cultures. Axillary shoots produced on noncontaminated explants were excised and recultured in the same medium to increase the stock of shoot cultures. Equal molar concentrations of five cytokinins 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), kinetin, zeatin, N6-benzyladenine (BA) and adenine were tested for ability to induce axillary shoot development from double node stem segments. The highest rate of axillary shoot proliferation was induced on Murashige and Skoog agar medium supplemented with 1.8 M BA. Seven indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations (2.8, 5.7, 8.6, 11.4, 14.3, 17.1 M) were t…
STUDY ON CONVERSION OF ENCAPSULATED VITRO-DERIVED PROPAGULES OF 'C35' CITRANGE [C. SINENSIS (L.) OSB. × P. TRIFOLIATE (L.) RAF.]
2015
Fight against Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) implies the use of CTV-resistant rootstocks, such as citranges [C. Sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. Trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. The 'C35' represents a promising tolerant to CTV genotype. The employment of innovative in vitro techniques, such as encapsulation, could open new perspectives for this genotype propagation, particularly in the nursery activity. Preliminary experiments on calcium-alginate encapsulation of microcuttings (unipolar propagules) have already been performed to evaluate the use of tissue culture for the propagation and the preservation of different citrange rootstocks: Carrizo and Troyer. In the present study, the influence of different types a…
Phenazine antibiotics produced by fluorescent pseudomonads contribute to natural soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt
2009
Natural disease-suppressive soils provide an untapped resource for the discovery of novel beneficial microorganisms and traits. For most suppressive soils, however, the consortia of microorganisms and mechanisms involved in pathogen control are unknown. To date, soil suppressiveness to Fusarium wilt disease has been ascribed to carbon and iron competition between pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and resident non-pathogenic F. oxysporum and fluorescent pseudomonads. In this study, the role of bacterial antibiosis in Fusarium wilt suppressiveness was assessed by comparing the densities, diversity and activity of fluorescent Pseudomonas species producing 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) (phlD+) …