Search results for "Rule"

Predation on Multiple Trophic Levels Shapes the Evolution of Pathogen Virulence

2009

The pathogen virulence is traditionally thought to co-evolve as a result of reciprocal selection with its host organism. In natural communities, pathogens and hosts are typically embedded within a web of interactions with other species, which could affect indirectly the pathogen virulence and host immunity through trade-offs. Here we show that selection by predation can affect both pathogen virulence and host immune defence. Exposing opportunistic bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens to predation by protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila decreased its virulence when measured as host moth Parasemia plantaginis survival. This was probably because the bacterial anti-predatory traits were traded o…

Exploring phage-bacterium interactions : new ways to combat a fish pathogen

2014

The use of an integrative approach to identify coelomocytes in three species of the genus Holothuria (Echinodermata)

2021

Coelomocytes in the Holothuroidea are traditionally identified according to their morphology through light, fluorescence, or electron microscopy. Former studies have typically used only one method, with few works combining two or more approaches. Studies using cytocentrifugation to study these cells are scarcer. Thus, for the first time, an integrative approach was used to compare coelomocytes in Holothuroidea. This approach consisted of living and stained cells, scanning electron microscopy (for spherule cells), and accurate morphometric analyses. Specifically, we used specimens of Holothuria grisea, Holothuria arenicola, and Holothuria tubulosa to test whether cytocentrifugation could be …

No augu izcelsmes pārtikas produktiem izolētu Yersinia enterocolitica ģenētiskā daudzveidība un virulences potenciāls

2022

Yersinia enterocolitica ir ievērojams pārtikas patogēns ar lielu ģenētisko daudzveidību. Virulences gēnu noteikšana celmiem no daudzveidīgiem avotiem var palīdzēt izvērtēt jersiniozes riskus sabiedrības veselībai. Darba mērķis bija raksturot no augu valsts izcelsmes produktiem iegūto Y. enterocolitica izolātu virulences potenciālu un ģenētisko daudzveidību, veicot pilna genoma sekvenēšanu. Darbā iekļauti 66 celmi no svaigiem dārzeņiem un salātiem. Iegūtās sekvencēs konstatēja ail (4,6%), inv (95,4%) un ystB (98,5%) virulences gēnu klātbūtni. Visi izpētītie Y. enterocolitica izolāti pieder pie nosacīti nepatogēna biotipa 1A. Izmantojot cgMLST, noteikts, ka izolāti nav ģenētiski saistīti savā…

Plasmid Viability Depends on the Ecological Setting of Hosts within a Multiplasmid Community

2022

Plasmids are extrachromosomal genetic elements, some of which disperse horizontally between different strains and species of bacteria. They are a major factor in the dissemination of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Understanding the ecology of plasmids has a notable anthropocentric value, and therefore, the interactions between bacterial hosts and individual plasmids have been studied in detail. However, bacterial systems often carry multiple genetically distinct plasmids, but dynamics within these multiplasmid communities have remained unstudied. Here, we set to investigate the survival of 11 mobilizable or conjugative plasmids under five different conditions where the hosts h…

Scheda bibliografica su Ennio AMODIO, A furor di popolo. La giustizia vendicativa gialloverde, Roma, Donzelli, 2019

2019

Si tratta di una nota bibliografica al libro "A furor di popolo. La giustizia vendicativa gialloverde", scritto da Ennio Amodio. It is a brief review about the book "A furor di popolo. La giustizia vendicativa gialloverde", written by Ennio Amodio.

Interactively Learning the Preferences of a Decision Maker in Multi-objective Optimization Utilizing Belief-rules

2020

Many real life problems can be modelled as multiobjective optimization problems. Such problems often consist of multiple conflicting objectives to be optimized simultaneously. Multiple optimal solutions exist to these problems, and a single solution cannot be said to be the best without preferences given by a domain expert. Preferences can be used to find satisfying solutions: optimal solutions, which best match the expert’s preferences. To model the preferences of the expert, and aid him/her in finding satisfying solutions, a novel method is proposed. The method utilizes machine learning combined with belief-rule based systems to adaptively train a belief rule based system to learn a domai…

Gdy problemy inspiracją do podnoszenia jakości kształcenia uczniów w młodszym wieku szkolnym

2014

Modal Consequence Relations Extending S4.3: An Application of Projective Unification

2016

We characterize all finitary consequence relations over $\mathbf{S4.3}$ , both syntactically, by exhibiting so-called (admissible) passive rules that extend the given logic, and semantically, by providing suitable strongly adequate classes of algebras. This is achieved by applying an earlier result stating that a modal logic $L$ extending $\mathbf{S4}$ has projective unification if and only if $L$ contains $\mathbf{S4.3}$ . In particular, we show that these consequence relations enjoy the strong finite model property, and are finitely based. In this way, we extend the known results by Bull and Fine, from logics, to consequence relations. We also show that the lattice of consequence relation…

The effect of a temperature-sensitive prophage on the evolution of virulence in an opportunistic bacterial pathogen.

2022

https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16638 Abstract Viruses are key actors of ecosystems and have major impacts on global biogeochemical cycles. Prophages deserve particular attention as they are ubiquitous in bacterial genomes and can enter a lytic cycle when triggered by environmental conditions. We explored how temperature affects the interactions between prophages and other biological levels by using an opportunistic pathogen, the bacterium Serratia marcescens, that harbours several prophages and that had undergone an evolution experiment under several temperature regimes. We found that the release of one of the prophages was temperature-sensitive and malleable to evolutionary changes. We furthe…