Search results for "Running"
showing 10 items of 407 documents
Age-related changes in conventional road versus off-road triathlon performance
2011
International audience; The aims of this study were: i) to analyze age-related declines in swimming, cycling, and running performances for road-based and off-road triathlons, and ii) to compare age-related changes in these three disciplines between road-based and off-road triathlons. Swimming, cycling, running and total time performances of the top 5 males between 20 and 70 years of age (in 5 year intervals) were analyzed for short distance road-based (1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle, and 10 km run) and off-road (1.5 km swim, 30 km mountain bike, and 11 km trail run) triathlons at the 2009 World Championships. Independently of age, there was a lesser age-related decline in cycling performance (P<0…
Transversus abdominis and multifidus asymmetry in runners measured by MRI: a cross-sectional study
2019
ObjectiveThe transversus abdominis muscle (TrA) is active during running as a secondary respiratory muscle and acts, together with the multifidus, as trunk stabiliser. The purpose of this study was to determine size and symmetry of TrA and multifidus muscles at rest and with contraction in endurance runners without low back pain.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA medical imaging centre in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsThirty middle-aged (43years±7) endurance-trained male (n=18) and female (n=12) runners without current or history of low back pain.Outcome measuresMRI at rest and with the core engaged. The TrA and multifidus muscles were measured for thickness and length (TrA) and antero…
Four-year soil erosion rates in a running-mountain trail in eastern Iberian Peninsula
2019
During the last decades, the use of mountain trails for running is more and more popular. New trails are opened to allow the runners to practice and compete. This form of human impact on the landscape is new as the new trails do not follow the conservation strategies in design and maintenance as traditional mountain trails constructed by farmers, shepherds and muleteers do. This impact of sport events in nature is not measured and we know little about this impact on vegetation, fauna and soils. We surveyed in September 2018 a trail that was opened in September 2014 and was used for four official mountain trail races, and for training by local runners. Our interviews with organizers and user…
A Nondifferentiable Optimization Approach to Ratio-Cut Partitioning
2003
We propose a new method for finding the minimum ratio-cut of a graph. Ratio-cut is NP-hard problem for which the best previously known algorithm gives an O(log n)-factor approximation by solving its dually related maximum concurrent flow problem.We formulate the minimum ratio-cut as a certain nondifferentiable optimization problem, and show that the global minimum of the optimization problem is equal to the minimum ratio-cut. Moreover, we provide strong symbolic computation based evidence that any strict local minimum gives an approximation by a factor of 2. We also give an efficient heuristic algorithm for finding a local minimum of the proposed optimization problem based on standard nondi…
School fitness tests as predictors of adult health-related fitness.
2006
Relationships between adolescent physical fitness and adult health-related fitness were investigated. Forty-five subjects (20 males, 25 females) participated in physical fitness tests in 1976 and again in 2001. The adolescent physical fitness tests were distance running (2,000 m for boys or 1,500 m for girls), 50 m run, pull-ups (boys) or flexed arm hangs (girls), shuttle run, a 30-sec sit-up test, standing broad jump, hand grip-test, and sit-and-reach test. The adult health-related physical fitness index (APFI), stratified by sex, was formed by summing the z-scores of a bicycle ergometer test, sit-up test, hand-grip test, and sit-and-reach test. Height- and weight-adjusted correlations bet…
Muscle fascicle and tendon behavior during human locomotion revisited.
2008
High-speed ultrasonography has revealed that, in human locomotion, the nature of fascicle and tendon length changes varies depending on the task, contraction intensity, and the muscles involved. The findings emphasize that the active fascicles of the gastrocnemius muscle are suddenly stretched, although they are shortening. This short-lasting stretch triggers the stretch reflex, timing of which is dependent on running speed.
Treadmill Training Effect on the Myokines Content in Skeletal Muscles of Mice With a Metabolic Disorder Model
2021
The effect of treadmill training loads on the content of cytokines in mice skeletal muscles with metabolic disorders induced by a 16 week high fat diet (HFD) was studied. The study included accounting the age and biorhythmological aspects. In the experiment, mice were used at the age of 4 and 32 weeks, by the end of the experiment—respectively 20 and 48 weeks. HFD feeding lasted 16 weeks. Treadmill training were carried out for last 4 weeks six times a week, the duration 60 min and the speed from 15 to 18 m/min. Three modes of loading were applied. The first subgroup was subjected to stress in the morning hours (light phase); the second subgroup was subjected to stress in the evening hours …
Individual and combinatory effects of voluntary wheel running and sActRIIB-Fc administration on redox-balance in mdx mice
2015
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD) is X-chromosome linked muscle wasting dis-ease. It is caused by a mutation in the gene coding protein called dystrophin leading to premature death and significantly impairing the quality of life of DMD patients. Oxida-tive stress is a contributing factor in the pathology of DMD. Light intensity exercise and interventions that promote sirtuin (SIRT) 1 activity have been shown to be antioxidant for mdx mice and to ameliorate the symptoms of DMD. Also blocking activin receptor IIB (ActRIIB) ligands has been shown in some, but not all studies to improve the pa-thology of the DMD. The purpose of this study was to find out the individual and com-binatory effect…
Gain fractions of future neutrino oscillation facilities over T2K and NOvA
2013
We evaluate the probability of future neutrino oscillation facilities to discover leptonic CP violation and/or measure the neutrino mass hierarchy. We study how this probability is affected by positive or negative hints for these observables to be found at T2K and NO nu A. We consider the following facilities: LBNE; T2HK; and the 10 GeV Neutrino Factory (NF10), and show how their discovery probabilities change with the running time of T2K and NO nu A conditioned to their results. We find that, if after 15 years T2K and NO nu A have not observed a 90% CL hint of CP violation, then LBNE and T2HK have less than a 10% chance of achieving a 5 sigma discovery, whereas NF10 still has a similar to …
Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature.
2021
Objective. The temperature of the sole of the foot has been suggested as an alternative to the measurement of plantar pressure during running despite the scarce evidence about their relationship. The temperature of the footwear outsole could also be representative of plantar pressure distribution due to its less multifactorial dependence. The aim of the study was to determine if plantar pressure during a prolonged run could be related to plantar temperature, either of the sole of the foot or the footwear outsole.Approach. Thirty recreational runners (15 males and 15 females) performed a 30 min running test on a treadmill. Thermographic images of the sole of the foot and the footwear outsole…