Search results for "SAH"
showing 10 items of 434 documents
Educational costing and financing in developing countries : focus on Sub-saharan Africa
1984
The paper analyzes issues in the costs and financing of education in developing countries. It focuses primarily on Sub-Saharan Africa, and within that on francophone west africa. After evaluating the educational cost data used in internationale comparisons, the paper focuses on the special situation of African Countries, most of which experience severe financial constraints in their effort to achieve educational goals. It examines the potential for, first, reducing unit costs as a way of increasing enrollment within an existing budget, and second, tapping private resources of financing for education. The overall conclusion is that although the financial prospects are rather bleak in the poo…
French-speaking universities in sub-Saharan Africa
1991
Administrators of French-speaking sub-saharan African universties are faced with a crule dilemna : with the passing years, their dwindling budgets have made it increasingly difficult for them to guarantee the proper functionning of their etablishments ; hence a decline in the level of competence of graduates and in research standards. At the same time, some studies show that unit costs are too high ant that higher education receives an inordinate amount of educational funding. They recommend that the squeeze on university budgets be sustained and tightened.The prmary aim of this article is to provide evidence to support these two seemingly contradictory assessments. It is true that while Fr…
La crise des universités francophones en Afrique sub-saharienne
1991
International audience; Les responsables des universités francophones en Afrique subsaharienne sont confrontés à un cruel dilemne : au fil des années, leur budget leur permet de moins en moins d'assurer un fonctionnement décent de leur établissement, d'où une baisse de la qualité des diplômés et de la recherche ; dans le même temps, un certain nombre d'études montrent que les coûts unitaires y sont trop élevés, que l'enseignement supérieur reçoit une proportion trop forte des crédits d'éducation et que la cure d'amaigrissement de leur budget doit être prolongée et accentuée. L'objectif de cet article est d'abord de confirmer, par des données, les énoncés de ces deux diagnostics apparemment …
أزمة الجامعات الفرنكوفونية في أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء
1991
International audience; Les responsables des universités francophones en Afrique subsaharienne sont confrontés à un cruel dilemne : au fil des années, leur budget leur permet de moins en moins d'assurer un fonctionnement décent de leur établissement, d'où une baisse de la qualité des diplômés et de la recherche ; dans le même temps, un certain nombre d'études montrent que les coûts unitaires y sont trop élevés, que l'enseignement supérieur reçoit une proportion trop forte des crédits d'éducation et que la cure d'amaigrissement de leur budget doit être prolongée et accentuée. L'objectif de cet article est d'abord de confirmer, par des données, les énoncés de ces deux diagnostics apparemment …
La crisis de las universidades de habla francesa del África sub sahariana
1991
International audience; Les responsables des universités francophones en Afrique subsaharienne sont confrontés à un cruel dilemne : au fil des années, leur budget leur permet de moins en moins d'assurer un fonctionnement décent de leur établissement, d'où une baisse de la qualité des diplômés et de la recherche ; dans le même temps, un certain nombre d'études montrent que les coûts unitaires y sont trop élevés, que l'enseignement supérieur reçoit une proportion trop forte des crédits d'éducation et que la cure d'amaigrissement de leur budget doit être prolongée et accentuée. L'objectif de cet article est d'abord de confirmer, par des données, les énoncés de ces deux diagnostics apparemment …
What Is the Limit of Atom Encapsulation for Icosahedral Carboranes?
2015
The stability of endohedral carboranes X@{1,n-C2B10H12} (X = Li(+), Be(2+); n = 2, 7, 12) and X@{CB11H12(-)} (X = Li(+), Be(2+)) is studied using electronic structure calculations with the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) model. Our calculations suggest that all endohedral compounds are local energy minima; for the exohedral complexes X···cage, the global energy minimum always corresponds to the X atom above a triangular face of the icosahedron. In the latter the X atom is furthest apart from the carbon atoms of the cage. As opposite to exohedral {Be(2+)···cage} complexes, no global energy minima were found for exohedral complexes {Li(+)···cage} whereby a carbon atom is present in the triangular face of …
Classification et chronologie de bas fourneaux de réduction du fer à usage unique au sud-ouest du Niger
2016
In southwestern Niger, near Niamey, several thousand single-use bloomery furnaces have been mapped and identified. The archaeological study of approximately 30 furnaces and their slag reveals the existence of four methods for iron smelting: three types of pit furnace and one slag-tapping type. The slag pit furnaces are clearly differentiated by the form and volume of their pits. All slag-tapping furnaces drain off slag through small openings. The slag is tapped either vertically or laterally. According to radiocarbon dates, the smelting activity developed in the 2 nd century AD and intensified through to the 14 th century. It continued to evolve until the middle of the 20 th century. The lo…
Specific Irreversible Cell-Cycle Arrest and Depletion of Cancer Cells Obtained by Combining Curcumin and the Flavonoids Quercetin and Fisetin.
2022
Background: Induced senescence could be exploited to selectively counteract the proliferation of cancer cells and target them for senolysis. We examined the cellular senescence induced by curcumin and whether it could be targeted by fisetin and quercetin, flavonoids with senolytic activity. Methods: Cell-cycle profiles, chromosome number and structure, and heterochromatin markers were evaluated via flow cytometry, metaphase spreads, and immunofluorescence, respectively. The activation of p21waf1/cip1 was assessed via RT-qPCR and immunoblotting. Senescent cells were detected via SA-β-Galactosidase staining. Results: We report that curcumin treatment specifically triggers senescence in cancer…
Efficacy and safety study of an eyelid gel after repeated nocturnal application in healthy contact lens users and non-users
2020
Purpose: To evaluate skin biocompatibility of a nighttime hydrating eyelid gel and possible ocular surface effects in contact lens users (CLU) and non-contact lens users (NCLU). The formulation is registered as a medical device as Tridocosahexaenoine-AOX® (TDHA-AOX) (a concentrated DHA triglyceride), containing also hyaluronic acid (HA). Methods: A prospective, randomized, masked clinical trial was performed with 62 participants of both sexes, aged 20–70 years, split into: (1) CLU (n = 30) and (2) NCLU (n = 32). All participants were instructed to apply a single dose of the moisturizing gel (containing TDHA-AOX and HA) nightly to the upper and inner eyelids of their right eye (RE) only, and…
Analysis of the linkages between rainfall and land surface conditions in the West African monsoon through CMAP, ERS-WSC, and NOAA-AVHRR data
2005
International audience; The European Remote Sensing Wind Scatterometer (ERS-WSC) backscattering coefficient, NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (NOAA-AVHRR) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis Precipitation ( CMAP) precipitation data sets are studied over the period August 1991 to December 2000 to document ( 1) the interannual and intra-annual evolutions of vegetation photosynthetic activity and soil-vegetation water content over West Africa and ( 2) their two-way links with precipitation. Over the Sahel, at interannual timescales the strongest relationships between vegetation, soil moisture, and precipitation are observed …