Search results for "SAMPLE"
showing 10 items of 2270 documents
Kildekompasset - å navigere seg frem til riktig referansestil
2012
One of the main tasks of an academic library is to guide students in critical evaluation and the ethical use of sources so that they can interpret, evaluate and create information in a correct and proper way. This should be integrated into the subjects, which is a huge challenge. Many students are told that they can freely select the reference style as long as they are consistent. But it is difficult to be consistent when you barely know what a reference style is. It is not easy for the librarian to answer how one refers to a governmental white paper in a self-designed reference system. To do this in a simple way, it is desirable to share the task between academic tutors and the library. T…
SEQUENTIALLY ADJUSTED RANDOMIZATION TO FORCE BALANCE IN CONTROLLED TRIALS WITH UNKNOWN PREVALENCE OF COVARIATES: APPLICATION TO ALCOHOLISM RESEARCH
2005
In treatment outcome studies with small to medium sample sizes (n200), the balance of groups with regard to important factors, which sometimes occur at low prevalence, is indispensable for adequate interpretation. This study tested a method for use in clinical alcoholism research, an uncomplicated procedure for satisfactory randomization of patients to different treatments, taking into account relevant background variables.An easily applicable modification of Efron's biased coin method for the randomization of treatments within strata of unknown but low prevalence was compared with the original approach and alternative methods by computer simulation (10,000 runs). An application example for…
Entrepreneurial marketing: a comparative study
2013
This paper uses a comparative study to explore entrepreneurial marketing orientation in small software technology firms, in relation to firm growth. Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) acknowledges the interface between entrepreneurship, marketing and innovation and, pursuance of customer value. Researchers acknowledge that firms adopting other strategic orientations combined with a market orientation are more likely to outperform their competitors. Currently, there are few comparative studies of knowledge-intensive technology firms and no comparative cross-country studies, which consider firm growth and orientation from the EM perspective. This paper addresses these issues by using an entrepren…
Estimating soil loss of given return period by USLE-M-type models
2020
Many field investigations have clearly shown that rare and severe events control total soil erosion occurring over a long time period with up to 92% of total soil erosion over a 7‐year period resulting from just three daily events. Therefore, soil conservation strategies should be developed taking into account large events rather than long‐term average erosion. From an engineering point of view, establishing the soil loss of a given return period is needed. This can be obtained by the frequency analysis of soil loss measurements or by suitable soil erosion models. The USLE‐M modified and USLE‐M based are two empirical Universal Soil Loss Equation‐Modified (USLE‐M) type models which were dev…
A Cross-Country Study of Workers' Skills and Unemployment Flows
2017
Using an international survey that directly assesses the cognitive skills of the adult population, I study the relation between skills and unemployment flows across 37 countries. Depending on the specifically assessed domain, I document that skills have an unconditional correlation with the log-risk-ratio of exiting to entering unemployment of 0.65–0.68 across the advanced and skill-abundant countries in the sample. The relation is remarkably robust and it is unlikely to be due to reverse causality. I do not find evidence that this positive relation extends to the seven relatively less advanced and less skill-abundant countries in the sample: Peru, Ecuador, Indonesia, Mexico, Chile, Turkey …
On the signaling effect of reward-based crowdfunding: (When) do later stage venture capitalists rely more on the crowd than their peers?
2021
Abstract Venture capitalists (VCs) make only a small number of investments and are more likely to invest in ventures where other VCs have invested previously. As such, valuable opportunities may be forgone if they are not funded by VCs in the first place. We demonstrate how crowdfunding (CF) can remedy this concern. Using a sample of new technology-based ventures, we reveal that ventures initially funded through reward-based CF can be even more likely than those initially backed by VCs in attracting follow-up funds from VCs. This happens when ventures originally funded via reward-based CF complement the certification they derive from CF with patents and a founding team with a track record o…
Determination of total ribonucleotide pool in plant materials by high-pH anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography following extraction w…
2005
A new, improved method that only requires a potassium hydroxide extraction procedure is presented for the analysis of a full nucleotide pool in plant materials. Quantification was performed by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with UV detection after a potassium hydroxide extraction, and allowed the quantification of 13 linear ribonucleotides in a single run. The method has been validated by comparison of six extraction methods and also by measurement of the intracellular nucleotide levels of three plant species (cell cultures and leaves). The evolution of the nucleotide pool of Nicotiana tabacum cell culture during growth has also been measured, and showed an increase in the po…
“Your ride has arrived” – Exploring the nexus between subjective well-being, socio-cultural beliefs, COVID-19, and the sharing economy
2021
This study aimed to identify and explain different facets of the sharing economy and to differentiate between micro- and macro-mobility services. We also aimed to examine the correlation between the sharing economy and subjective well-being, cultural beliefs, and COVID-19. An exploratory research technique with face-to-face semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from a sample of 22 rideshare app users in a developing country between January and May 2020 and in July 2020. The data were analyzed using the NVivo 12 application. The major findings suggest that, considering their scope and use, sharing economy technology and services can be divided into four major domains: (1) hospi…
Brief report - "Every little thing gonna be all right" (at least for me): Dispositional optimists display higher optimistic bias for infection during…
2020
Dispositional optimism (DO) and optimistic bias (OB) in risk perception are two distinct phenomena and previous studies about their reciprocal relationship report contrasting results. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between DO and OB when reporting the personal and the other persons' risk about COVID-19. We hypothesized that, when facing a largely uncontrollable risky situation (like the recent pandemic), dispositional optimists would defensively increase their OB about the current risks. A convenience sample of 414 Italian participants aged 18 or older were recruited. They completed a questionnaire investigating past protective behaviors, DO, perceived personal and oth…
Non-response bias as a likely cause of the association between young maternal age at the time of delivery and the risk of cancer in the offspring.
2003
Some epidemiological studies have shown an association between young maternal age at the time of delivery and risk of cancer in the offspring. In a recent German case-control study, there was a twofold increase in the leukaemia risk for children whose mothers were aged < 20 years at the time of delivery. As the prevalence of younger mothers among control families was particularly low, data on maternal age distributions for the general population of Germany were obtained in order to examine the representativeness of the control sample. Despite the excellent sampling frame based on data from complete and up-to-date population registries and a satisfactory response rate among controls ( approx…