Search results for "SANITARIA"

Cuestiones actuales del consentimiento informado

2016

La presente tesis doctoral aborda las cuestiones actuales del consentimiento informado. El ejercicio de la medicina es difícil tanto por la complejidad diagnóstica y terapéutica, como por la variabilidad de los casos, tantos como número de pacientes acuden a diario a las consultas; pero resulta más difícil al sumar a dicha casuística la intención de respetar los aspectos éticos y legales que conlleva el ejercicio de la profesión. Y todo ello reviste especial gravedad cuando se deben adoptar decisiones difíciles que pueden conllevar graves secuelas e incluso la vida del paciente, situaciones estas que precisan una información detallada que les permita elegir cualquiera de las opciones propue…

Il servizio di ingegneria clinica (S.I.C.) ed il ruolo dell’ingegnere clinico nelle organizzazioni sanitarie complesse: l’esperienza dell’a.o.u.p. “P…

2006

Ammonium adsorption, desorption and recovery by acid and alkaline treated zeolite

2021

In this study, the suitability of zeolite as a possible medium for ammonium adsorption, desorption and recovery from wastewater was investigated. Specifically, batch adsorption and desorption studies with solutions enriched in NH$_4^+$ were conducted employing zeolite to evaluate how the chemical treatment and contact time affect adsorption and desorption. Several experimental tests were carried out considering both untreated and treated zeolite. Untreated and HCl-Na treated zeolite adsorbed up to 11.8 mg NH$_4^+$ g$^{-1}$ and showed the highest efficiency in recovering NH$_4^+$ from aqueous solution. Regardless of pre-treatment, treatments with NaCl resulted in higher and faster adsorption…

Nitrous oxide emissions in a membrane bioreactor treating saline wastewater contaminated by hydrocarbons

2016

The joint effect of wastewater salinity and hydrocarbons on nitrous oxide emission was investigated. The membrane bioreactor pilot plant was operated with two phases: i. biomass acclimation by increasing salinity from 10 gNaCl L−1 to 20 gNaCl L−1 (Phase I); ii. hydrocarbons dosing at 20 mg L−1 with a constant salt concentration of 20 gNaCl L−1 (Phase II). The Phase I revealed a relationship between nitrous oxide emissions and salinity. During the end of the Phase I, the activity of nitrifiers started to recover, indicating a partial acclimatization. During the Phase II, the hydrocarbon shock induced a temporary inhibition of the biomass with the suppression of nitrous oxide emissions. The r…

ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT REDUCTION FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION AND MODELLING

2020

The current challenge faced by researchers and managers is minimize the environmental footprint of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). To accomplish this goal, other than respect legal requirements, WWTPs must provide better responses regarding consumption of energy and resources, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, among others. The research hereby presented is based on the application of mathematical modelling with the aim to propose a framework for the minimization of WWTP’s environmental footprint towards optimization techniques. A literature review was held to gain knowledge regarding the main decision support systems (DSS) that are applied to WWTPs since they allow selecting the most app…

Institutos de investigación sanitaria e investigación traslacional: análisis exploratorio del papel facilitador de la gestión de la calidad

2016

El fenómeno de la investigación traslacional ha irrumpido en el mundo de la biomedicina en la última década como una forma de investigación biomédica que persigue la incorporación de los avances científicos en la práctica médica. Puesto que el tránsito del conocimiento desde el laboratorio hasta el paciente está sometido a un gran número de obstáculos, el proceso de traslación resulta sumamente ineficiente. De hecho, distintos estudios sugieren que menos de una décima parte de los avances biomédicos más prometedores alcanzan finalmente la práctica clínica. Por ello y por su potencial impacto en la salud de la población, el término se ha incorporado con fuerza en el discurso político de las …

MODELLING BIOGAS GENERATION AND RELEASE FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS

2015

MSW sanitary landfills represent nowadays one of the most important issue related to the waste management cycle. In particular, knowledge about biogas production is a key aspect for a proper exploitation of this energy source, even in the after-care phase. In the present study, a simple mathematical model was proposed for the simulation of biogas production. The model is based on 1st order biodegradation kinetic and takes also into account the temperature variation in time and depth and the landfill settlement. The model was applied to a real landfill located in Sicily (ITALY) and its simulation result was compared with experimental data (volumes of biogas collected by the recovery system a…

Analysis of Biomass Characteristics in MBR and MB-MBR Systems Fed with Synthetic Wastewater: Influence of a Gradual Salinity Increase

2014

The paper presents the results of a field gathering campaign carried out on two different pilot scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems, treating synthetic wastewater subject to a gradual increase of salinity. One was a conventional MBR system, while the other was a moving bed biofilm membrane bioreactor (MB-MBR), which combines suspended biomass and biofilm. Indeed, the presence of suspended carriers inside the bioreactor seems to give benefits due to the collisions between the circulating media and the membrane. The aim of the study was the comparison of two configurations in terms of biomass activity characterization and performance (pollutants removal and hydraulic behaviour). The resul…

Biological Approaches to the Treatment of Saline Oily Waste(waters) Originated from Marine Transportation

2012

Oily wastewater generated, in amounts of millions of tons per year, by ships mainly in engine-rooms (bilge waters) and by washing oil tanks (slops) create a major disposal problem throughout the world because of the persistence and accumulation of xenobiotic compounds in the environment. The high salinity levels (up to 25.000 p.p.m.) and the pollutants concentration limit the chances of discharge into the sewer systems and address the disposal of these waste(water)s to the sea. Tightening effluent regulations and consequent high energy and management costs has generated interest in the introduction of biological phases in the treatment of these wastewater. The objectives of this study were …

Enhancing a Transition to a Circular Economy in the Water Sector: The EU Project WIDER UPTAKE

2021

A novel approach for resource recovery includes forward osmosis (FO) as a concentration step in municipal wastewater treatment. The current study investigates different pre-treatment strategies including biological treatment with a moving-bed bioreactor (MBBR) at different loading rates and particle removal by filtration and sedimentation. Membrane performance and recovery potential for energy and nutrients were investigated in laboratory-scale FO experiments in batch mode using pre-treated municipal wastewater as feed and 35 g/L NaCl as a draw solution. Initial water fluxes were in the range of 6.3 to 8.0 L/(m2·h). The baseline fluxes were modelled to account for flux decline due to concen…