Search results for "SCA"
showing 10 items of 23299 documents
SERS detection of cell surface and intracellular components of microorganisms using nano-aggregated Ag substrate
2016
Abstract The intracellular and cell surface composition and structural features of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were identified using near-infrared surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The structural differences of components that reside in the cell envelope are manifested by their SERS spectra, e.g. gram-negative vs. gram-positive. Silver particles were used as a SERS substrate by exploiting the existence of strong local electromagnetic fields (hot spots) within nanoscale aggregates of the particles. The aggregation of silver nanoparticles was induced by magnesium ions. These hot spots reduce the screening length of the double layer. The obtained SERS spectra showed excell…
Government policy failure in public support for research and development
2014
peer-reviewed Promoting Research and Development (R&D) and innovative activity is a key element of the EU Lisbon Agenda and is seen as playing a central part in stimulating economic development. In this paper we argue that, even allowing for benevolent policy-makers, informational asymmetries can lead to a misallocation of public support for R&D, hence government policy failure, with the potential to exacerbate preexisting market failures. Initially, we explore alternative allocation mechanisms for public support, which can help to minimize the scale of these government policy failures. Of these mechanisms (grants, tax credits, or allocation rules based on past performance), our results sug…
Gender segregation in the employment of higher education graduates
2014
This article examines the employment and placement in the working life of Finnish higher education graduates (i.e. graduates from universities and polytechnics), focusing on gender equality. It reports a study on gender segregation in higher education and working life, considered in relation to Nordic gender equality policies. The data were gathered via a questionnaire administered to graduates in business and administration (n = 1067) and in technology (n = 1087), three years after their graduation. The results showed that men were able to secure permanent and full-time employment more often than women, and men achieved better correspondence between their degree and their employment. Howev…
Strategic choices of Finnish universities in the light of general strategy frameworks
2016
This study examines university strategies from the content perspective. Since the early 1980s, the pressure to adopt strategic management in universities and other higher education institutions has increased because of issues including reduced public funding, pressures and possibilities for internationalization, developments in teaching technologies, and demands for increased accountability to stakeholders. The study employs content analysis and multivariate statistical techniques to examine the written strategies of 13 Finnish universities formulated after the University Act 2010 that aimed at enhancing their competitiveness in the global arena. The studied organizations cover practically …
Paintings as Solid Affective Scaffolds
2019
We humans continuously reshape the environment to alter, enhance, and sustain our affective lives. This two‐way modification has been discussed in recent philosophy of mind as affective scaffolding, wherein scaffolding quite literally means that our affective states are enabled and supported by environmental resources such as material objects, other people, and physical spaces. In this article, I argue that under certain conditions, paintings function as noteworthy affective scaffolds to their creators. I begin with a theoretical overview of affective niche construction and affective scaffolding. Then, based on the criteria of robustness, concreteness, and dependability, I specify a more re…
Implicación de la escara miocárdica en la predicción y tratamiento de la taquicardia ventricular postinfarto
2017
INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La taquicardia ventricular (TV) es una arritmia peligrosa y una causa importante de muerte súbita en pacientes que han padecido un infarto previo. Las escaras ventriculares tras infarto son un sustrato que favorece la reentrada eléctrica, que es el mecanismo más frecuente de taquicardia ventricular. Intentar entender el potencial arritmogénico de la escara ayudaría por una parte a identificar precozmente pacientes en riesgo de padecer taquicardias ventriculares de lo que podrían derivar actuaciones clínicas, y por otra parte, su tratamiento una vez se ha presentado la arritmia, modificando las características de dicha escara mediante ablación con catéter. Esta tesi…
THE IMPACT OF TAX COMPETITION AND HARMONISATION IN THE EU IN RELATION TO FISCAL OPTIMISATION
2018
Fiscal competition and harmonisation are topical issues and the controversy generated by preferences for one or the other is due to the effects they generate in the economies of the EU member states. The practice of tax competition to a smaller or larger extent by some of the Member States is often identified with tax optimisation practices. Thus, in the economies of developed or emerging countries, the effects are both on the labour market, in the collection of indirect taxes (VAT or excise duties), but also in the transfer of profits versus transfer prices. The European fora are working hard for the uniformity of European legislation, but also to determine the governments of the Member St…
Fiscal policy as an instrument for reducing income inequality: case of Latvia
2020
With the help of fiscal policy, government may influence both overall demand and the disposable income of the population, as well as solve social equality challenges in the society by allocating income among different groups of population. Income inequality in Latvia, which is expressed by the Gini index of disposable income, is the third highest in the European Union, so the question about the most effective instruments for reducing income inequality is pressing. Inequality results in reduced efficiency of social capital and economic distribution, worsening of population health indicators, rising social tension, increased crime and rising poverty, which can have a negative impact on long-t…
ISSUES ON THE POSITION OF EUROPEAN EASTERN COUNTRIES IN WORLD RANKINGS INCLUDING ELEMENTS OF TAXATION
2012
Taxation is an essential component of any nation. Taxation, with its economic and social implications, is taken into account when the world rankings are made. The level of fiscal pressure, the design of the tax system, the number of taxes, the relationship between taxpayers with the fiscal administration, the principles of taxation, the existence of a real partnership between the taxpayer and the state are a part of fiscal elements that determine attractiveness or rejection from a particular country. Without claiming an exhaustive approach, our work presents some fiscal aspects from Eastern European countries found in world rankings, by emphasizing the influence of these factors on the posi…
Late Quaternary marine ostracods of the Basque Basin (S Bay of Biscay): taxonomy and distribution
2018
Late Quaternary taxonomy and ecologic and age distributions of ostracods from the Basque Basin (S Bay of Biscay) are described. More than forty-four thousands ostracod specimens have been obtained from one hundred surface samples and core samples from six cores located in shelf and upper bathyal depths and other infrabathyal core as comparative deep reference. A total of 155 species have been taxonomically described, belonging to 67 genera. Most characteristic species (123) have been SEM figured, and ecologic-geographic distributions and ages have been provided for all species. The resulting database will be a useful help for palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatologic studies of the region.