Search results for "SCID"

HER2 regulates the mammary stem/progenitor cell population driving tumorigenesis and invasion.

2008

The cancer stem cell hypothesis proposes that cancers arise in stem/progenitor cells through disregulation of self-renewal pathways generating tumors, which are driven by a component of 'tumor-initiating cells' retaining stem cell properties. The HER2 gene is amplified in 20-30% of human breast cancers and has been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis as well as in mediating aggressive tumor growth and metastasis. We demonstrate that HER2 overexpression drives mammary carcinogenesis, tumor growth and invasion through its effects on normal and malignant mammary stem cells. HER2 overexpression in normal mammary epithelial cells (NMEC) increases the proportion of stem/progenitor cells as demons…

Allogeneic effector/memory Th-1 cells impair FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocytes and synergize with chaperone-rich cell lysate vaccine to treat leukemia

2011

AbstractTherapeutic strategies combining the induction of effective antitumor immunity with the inhibition of the mechanisms of tumor-induced immunosuppression represent a key objective in cancer immunotherapy. Herein we demonstrate that effector/memory CD4+ T helper-1 (Th-1) lymphocytes, in addition to polarizing type-1 antitumor immune responses, impair tumor-induced CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T lymphocyte (Treg) immunosuppressive function in vitro and in vivo. Th-1 cells also inhibit the generation of FoxP3+ Tregs from naive CD4+CD25−FoxP3− T cells by an interferon-γ–dependent mechanism. In addition, in an aggressive mouse leukemia model (12B1), Th-1 lymphocytes act synergistically with …

The Natural Fungal Metabolite Beauvericin Exerts Anticancer Activity In Vivo: A Pre-Clinical Pilot Study

2017

Recently, in vitro anti-cancer properties of beauvericin, a fungal metabolite were shown in various cancer cell lines. In this study, we assessed the specificity of this effect by comparing beauvericin cytotoxicity in malignant versus non-malignant cells. Moreover, we tested in vivo anticancer effects of beauvericin by treating BALB/c and CB-17/SCID mice bearing murine CT-26 or human KB-3-1-grafted tumors, respectively. Tumor size and weight were measured and histological sections were evaluated by Ki-67 and H/E staining as well as TdT-mediated-dUTP-nick-end (TUNEL) labeling. Beauvericin levels were determined in various tissues and body fluids by LC-MS/MS. In addition to a more pronounced …

Adhesive papillae ofAscidia malacaswimming larvae: investigations on their sensory function

1999

Summary Swimming larvae of Ascidia malaca bear, in the anterior region of cephalenteron, three adhesive papillae through which they can attach to a substratum prior to metamorphosis. The ultrastructural investigations described in the present work have mainly revealed the presence of three cell types constituting the papillae: (a) collocytes, (b) axial columnar cells, (c) sensory cells. Collocytes, whose ultrastructure is typical of secretory cells, form the adhesive secretion. The ultrastructural observations of the axial columnar cells are insufficient to explain their function. Probably this cell type plays a supporting role though some sensory function cannot be excluded due to the pres…

Preclinical and clinical evidence of activity of pazopanib in solitary fibrous tumour

2014

Abstract Background To explore the activity of pazopanib in solitary fibrous tumour (SFT). Patients and methods In a preclinical study, we compared the activity of pazopanib, sorafenib, sunitinib, regorafenib, axitinib and bevacizumab in a dedifferentiated-SFT (DSFT) xenotransplanted into Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Antiangiogenics were administered at their reported optimal doses when mean tumour volume (TV) was 80 mm3. Drug activity was assessed as TV inhibition percentage (TVI%). From May 2012, six consecutive patients with advanced SFT received pazopanib, on a national name-based programme. In one case sunitinib was administered after pazopanib failure. Results In the …

Inflammatory responses of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis.

2008

«Correlation between granulocytes and tunic cuticle of Ciona intestinalis (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) as evaluated by microscopy»

2012

The tunic is a peculiar integumentary tissue covering the epidermis of ascidians and other tunicates. It is an extracellular matrix whose outermost surface is revealed to be a continuos layer called tunic cuticle, composed of electron dense fibrous materials. Mechanisms occurring during the growth of the animal after metamorphosis, must assure the maintenance of the thin tunic cuticle density and integrity as it represents the primary body surface barrier preventing the mechanical and microbial assaults. Investigations by optical and electron microscopy on tunic samples from young Ciona intestinalis, allowed us to study morphological relationship between the tunic cuticle architecture and g…

Citochine nell'ascidia Ciona intestinalis.

2011

Viscous-Inviscid Interactions in a Boundary-Layer Flow Induced by a Vortex Array

2014

In this paper we investigate the asymptotic validity of boundary layer theory. For a flow induced by a periodic row of point-vortices, we compare Prandtl's solution to Navier-Stokes solutions at different $Re$ numbers. We show how Prandtl's solution develops a finite time separation singularity. On the other hand Navier-Stokes solution is characterized by the presence of two kinds of viscous-inviscid interactions between the boundary layer and the outer flow. These interactions can be detected by the analysis of the enstrophy and of the pressure gradient on the wall. Moreover we apply the complex singularity tracking method to Prandtl and Navier-Stokes solutions and analyze the previous int…

Efficient parallel computations of flows of arbitrary fluids for all regimes of Reynolds, Mach and Grashof numbers

2002

This paper presents a unified numerical method able to address a wide class of fluid flow problems of engineering interest. Arbitrary fluids are treated specifying totally arbitrary equations of state, either in analytical form or through look‐up tables. The most general system of the unsteady Navier–Stokes equations is integrated with a coupled implicit preconditioned method. The method can stand infinite CFL number and shows the efficiency of a quasi‐Newton method independent of the multi‐block partitioning on parallel machines. Computed test cases ranging from inviscid hydrodynamics, to natural convection loops of liquid metals, and to supersonic gasdynamics, show a solution efficiency i…