Search results for "SCLC"

Nintedanib in non-small cell lung cancer: from preclinical to approval

2015

Angiogenesis is a driving force of a tumor’s development. Targeting this process is an attractive option, as this is a feature shared by most of the solid tumors. A lot of antiangiogenic drugs have been developed following this path, including bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib, vandetanib, ramucirumab, motesanib and many others. The latest drug of this class to be approved for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was nintedanib, a triple angiokinase inhibitor. This molecule targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways, avoiding the tumor’s switch to normal escape mechanisms. The pharmacokine…

A narrative review on the implementation of liquid biopsy as a diagnostic tool in thoracic tumors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

2021

Objective: In this review, we evaluate the role of liquid biopsy in managing lung cancer patients during the still ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) healthcare emergency. Background: The novel influenza coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or SARSCoV-2) has upended several aspects of our lives, including medical activities. In this setting, many routine cancer diagnostic and therapeutic procedures have been suspended, leading to delays in diagnosis, treatments, and, ultimately, increases in cancer mortality rates. Equally drastic has been the impact of COVID-19 on clinical trials, many of which have been stalled or have never begun. This has left many patient…

De novo liquid biopsy and radio genomic diagnostic approach with combined deep learning artificial neural networks for NSCLC

2022

Each year, the mortality rate and incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are dramatically increasing. The introduction of liquid biopsy in the clinical practice of NSCLC has completely revolutionized the approach to such neoplasm since is generally detected through complex and invasive procedures and unfortunately at advanced stages. The importance and innovation of liquid biopsy are linked with the possibility of cancer detection at every stage, adjuvant treatment, resistance genotyping, systematic initiation of treatment, minimal residual disease, early detection of relapse, and screening of NSCLC. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is now emerging as a non-invasive biomarker that wil…

Effects of exosomes released by NSCLC cells on osteoclasts differentiation.

Effects of exosomes released by NSCLC cells on osteoclasts differentiation Pucci M., Taverna S., Corrado C., Giallombardo M., Rolfo C. and Alessandro R. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poorly 5-year survival rate, as a consequence of the delay in the detection of the disease. The majority of patients are diagnosed in an advanced disease stage. Bone metastasis is the most frequent complication in NSCLC resulting in osteolytic lesions. The perfect balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) activity is lost in bone metastasis, inducing osteoclastogenesis. Most of the patients with lung cancer are treated with EGFR inhibitors (TKIs). Numerous st…

The role of microRNAs in driving EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC cell lines

2016

Background: the inhibition of EGFR kinase activity by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, can result in improved response and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients harboring sensitizing exon 19del and exon 21 L858R mutations. Unfortunately, almost all patients will develop resistance to EGFR-TKI, in particular T790M is the most frequent mutation. Nowadays, new methods are urgently needed for a rapid, cost-effective and non-invasive identification of biomarkers as a valuable tool for obtaining the genetic follow-up data during the course of the disease. Circulating microRNAs might represent a new precious biomarker for patients’ moni…

Looking for the best immune-checkpoint inhibitor in pre-treated NSCLC patients: An indirect comparison between nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizu…

2017

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors represent the new standard of care in patients with advanced NSCLC who progressed after first-line treatment. This work aim to assess any difference in both efficacy and safety profiles among Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab in pre-treated NSCLC patients. Randomized clinical trials comparing immune-checkpoint inhibitor versus docetaxel in pre-treated patients with advanced NSCLC were included and direct comparison meta-analysis of selected trials have been performed. Subsequently the summary estimates of Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab emerging from the direct meta-analysis were selected to provide the pooled estimates of hazard ratio (HR) and…

A kinetic study of the formation of smectic phases in novel liquid crystal ionogens

2013

[EN] A multi-rate non-isothermal kinetic analysis of the isotropic-melt to liquid crystalline phase transition of novel liquid crystalline ionogenic copolymers, LCIs, the 10-(4-methoxyazobenzene-4'-oxy)decyl methacrylate]-co-2-(acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)s, 10-MeOAzB/AMPS, copolymers, has been performed by means of calorimetric experiments. An analytical methodology which includes the study of the phase transition rate parameter, the determination of the activation energies by using Kissinger and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa models, and the study of the phase transition kinetics by the use of the Avrami theory, has been applied. The formation of the mesophases from the isotropic state o…

Novel Lymphocyte-Independent Antitumor Activity by PD-1 Blocking Antibody against PD-1+ Chemoresistant Lung Cancer Cells

2022

Abstract Purpose: Antibodies against the lymphocyte PD-1 (aPD-1) receptor are cornerstone agents for advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on their ability to restore the exhausted antitumor immune response. Our study reports a novel, lymphocyte-independent, therapeutic activity of aPD-1 against NSCLC, blocking the tumor-intrinsic PD-1 receptors on chemoresistant cells. Experimental Design: PD-1 in NSCLC cells was explored in vitro at baseline, including stem-like pneumospheres, and following treatment with cisplatin both at transcriptional and protein levels. PD-1 signaling and RNA sequencing were assessed. The lymphocyte-independent antitumor activity of aPD-1 was explored in…

Erratum to: The diagnostic accuracy of circulating tumor DNA for the detection of EGFR-T790M mutation in NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis…

2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Moving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors to Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review

2022

Simple Summary Moving from the achievements of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic lung cancer, the great promise of immunotherapy in resectable early-stage is to make a disease, often lethal until now for frequent post-surgery relapses, more curable. This review focuses on role of immunotherapy in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. We summarize biological rationale, findings from clinical trials of adjuvant and neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors, questions about biomarkers and choice of endpoints, aiming to provide up-to-date information useful for clinical decision making. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Since prognosis of early-stage …